Lab 7 Endocrine Histology Lab Manual
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Lab 7: Endocrine Histology
Learning objectives:
1.
Be able to recognize each of the endocrine organs and relate their structure to function. a.
Pituitary Gland
b.
Adrenal Gland
c.
Thyroid Gland
d.
Pancreas
2.
Be aware of the close proximity of the vasculature in the endocrine organs.
3.
Know the products of the organs and how their synthesis and release are controlled.
Background:
The endocrine system is composed of glands that synthesize and secrete products, called
hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. Hormones are transported throughout the body
where they influence only those cells that have receptors for that hormone.
Hormones can be:
Proteins/peptides (e.g., insulin, growth hormone)
Lipid derivatives - derived from cholesterol or fatty acids (e.g., steroids, eicosanoids)
Amino acid derivatives - derived from tyrosine or tryptophan (e.g., epinephrine, melatonin, thyroid hormones)
Hormone effects are described as:
Endocrine - released into blood and act at long distances
Paracrine - diffuse a short distance through tissue fluids to nearby cells
Autocrine - act on the same cell that produced the hormone
Figure 1 Endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the blood where they are transported to other tissues.
They bind with receptors on target cells and alter their function. The major endocrine glands are:
Pituitary Gland: situated at the interface between the brain and the rest of the body and secretes numerous hormones affecting many aspects of physiology.
Pineal Gland:
secretes melatonin which modulates sleep patterns.
Thyroid Gland: secretes hormones that primarily influence the metabolic rate, protein synthesis and calcium metabolism.
Parathyroid Glands:
secretes parathyroid hormone that causes increase Ca
2+
blood levels.
Adrenal Glands
: secretes a variety of hormones including
adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
Pancreatic Islets (or islets of Langerhans)
- secrete hormones that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism.
Ovary: secretes the steroids estrogen and progesterone that regulate changes in menstrual cycle and during pregnancy
Testis: secretes the steroid testosterone that regulate the
development of male characteristics
Many other tissues have isolated single cells or groups of cells with endocrine functions.
General Supplies
Microscopes
Internet enabled device for digital slide access (
http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/junqueira.htm
)
Immersion oil Lens cleaning paper
Lens cleaning solution
Special Supplies for this Lab
Pituitary Gland Slide Adrenal Gland Slide
Thyroid Gland Slide
Pancreas Slide
Procedure:
1. Use the resources listed in each table to draw the tissue and its distinguishing features.
2. Pay special attention to the table text for required features of your drawings and captions.
Table 1: Use both the microscopy slides and digital slides to identify and draw underlined structures of
the pituitary gland
. Figure 1 Drawings: A single figure in your lab writeup with three panels.
A.
Low magnification drawing of the pituitary gland (you may need to use the digital slide)
B.
Higher magnification drawing of anterior pituitary
C.
Higher magnification drawing of posterior pituitary
Labels:
All underlined structures in the description below should be labeled in your drawing. Caption:
Your figure caption should include:
Magnification used for the microscope slide used to produce of each drawing.
Description of the 3 cell types seen in (B) and 1 cell type see in (C), and the hormones they store or
produce. You should also describe the function of each of these hormones.
Physical Slide: from slide boxes
Digital Slides: Junqueira slides 103, 122, and 128
http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/msci_103_5.html
http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/msci_122_5.html
http://medsci.indiana.edu/junqueira/virtual/128_bl_5.html
The pituitary gland is a dual gland consisting of an epithelial component (anterior lobe) and a neural component (posterior lobe). Anterior Pituitary
The terms acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes refer to the staining pattern of various cells. The staining of theses secretory granules is due to the acidophilia or basophilia of the hormone contained in the granules.
Acidophils
synthesize proteins including growth hormone (GH, also known as somatotropic hormone) and prolactin (Prl, also known as luteotropic hormone). Basophils
synthesize glycoproteins including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenal cortical stimulating hormone (ACTH). Each of the hormones is made by a different cell, except the gonadotropins (LH and FSH), which may be made by the same cell. Chromophobes
are thought to be cells which produce melocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).
Posterior Pituitary
Nuclei of pituicytes
stain darkly.
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3
HYPOTHALAMUS
GNRH
1)
2.
ANTERIOR PITUITARY )
Hormone 1
Hormone 2
(rising)
(low)
(surge due
to • loop)
Growing
Follicie
"OVULATION"
ORGAN A
Corpus
Luteum
(rising)
Lthish)
Hormone 3
(high)
(high)
Hormone 4
LEGEND
Inhibits
---
ORGAN B
Stimulates
Endometrium thickens
"E is not
fertilized"
"Egg is
fertilized"
EVENTI
EVENT II
3.
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