Lab 2 Plant Tissue Write Up

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Portland State University *

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211

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Chemistry

Date

May 17, 2024

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pdf

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Name: Yoseleen Guerrero Plagiarism reminder: All work must be presented in your own words. While data reporting may be similar to your group members, the remainder of the write up must be generated by the individual. Quoting or copying materials from any other source is not permitted. See the library plagiarism avoidance guide for more information. 1. What is the purpose of the two different stains (Aniline Blue and Phloroglucinol Red), and which specific chemical compounds do they target. (2) A darker stain indicates a higher concentration of callose in the cell walls. Aniline blue stains the callose, which is a structural component of most cell walls. Afterwards, the phloroglucinol red stains the lignin, but the resulting stain doesn't seem to be very red, it can be cherry-pink or fuchsia in color. The staining of tissue allows for a better understanding under the microscope since it creates contrast between structures. 2. Sunflower (representative eudicot) stem drawing: Insert your drawing of the stained sunflower stem below with labels and a figure caption. Labels should include epidermis, phloem, xylem (vascular bundle) and pith (parenchyma). Figure caption should include: ● description of the arrangement of vascular tissues that is typical of dicot stems. ● Considering the whole plant, what other typical dicot features are apparent on the sunflower that are not seen on the slide? Drawing (0.25), Labels (0.25), Caption (0.5) figure 1. In this drawing, the sunflower stems vascular tissue system is shown supporting and transporting the sunflower seeds. Dicot stems have a ring of vascular bundles, the xylem transports water and dissolved minerals, and the phloem transports sugar. 3. Lily (representative monocot) drawing: Insert your drawing of the stained iris stem below with labels and a figure caption. Include epidermis, phloem, xylem (vascular bundle) and ground tissue. Your figure caption should include: ● description of the arrangement of vascular tissues that is typical of monocot stems. ● Considering the whole plant, what other typical monocot features are apparent on the iris that are not seen on the slide? Drawing (0.25), Labels (0.25), Caption (0.5)

Figure 2. The drawing shows a lily stem, which is a monocot, since monocots have a greater level of vascular tissues Instead of being merged with each other in a dicot, monocot foliage is arranged into bundles of xylem and phloem that scatter throughout the ground tissue, such as this picture where you can see all those dots scattered. In addition to parallel leaf veins, lilies also have 3 petals, 3 sepals, and only 1 seed leaf, indicating that they are monocots. 4. Celery stalk: Insert your drawing of the stained celery stalk below with labels and a figure caption. Labels should include epidermis, phloem, xylem (vascular bundle) and ground tissue. Your figure caption should include: ● based on the vascular tissue arrangement from your drawing, would you hypothesize that the celery is a monocot or a dicot? Justify your answer. ● Reference your drawing and answer why you think collenchyma is so prevalent here? In other words, what function does it serve to the plant. Drawing (0.25), Labels (0.25), Caption (0.5) Figure 3. This drawing shows that the celery stalk is both a dicot and a monocot. I hypothesize that the plant is dicot based on the placement of the xylem and phloem tissues. In addition to providing strength to plant parts, collenchyma serves as an extra layer of protection for plants with hydrochomes. 5. Parsnip root: Insert your drawing of the stained parsnip below with labels and a figure caption. Labels should include epidermis, cortex, endodermis, vascular cylinder, phloem, xylem. Your figure caption should include: ● Parsnips are dicots. How would you expect the vascular tissues to be arranged in a monocot? How does this differ from the arrangement of tissue you see in parsnips? Drawing (0.25), Labels (0.25), Caption (0.5)

Figure 4. The vascular tissue of parsnip root is much more spread out since parsnips are dicots. If it were a monocot, the vascular tissues would be arranged in bundles of xylem and phloem, and they would be scattered all around the ground. However, when we examine the parsnip, we can see the vascular tissues are not arranged in bundles, but instead are spread out individually. 6. Apple and Pear fruits: Insert your drawing of the stained apple and pear fruits below with labels and a figure caption. Labels should include sclereids and their cell walls. Your figure caption should include: ● Why, functionally, are parenchyma cells important to 0fruit function in these species? ● When you have eaten these fruits, what did you notice about the texture of a pear as compared to the texture of an apple? What anatomical difference explains this textural difference? Drawing (0.5), Labels (0.5), Caption (1) figure 5 & 6. Here are two drawings, one of the apple and one of the pear. Parenchyma in plants performs most metabolic reactions that are necessary for growth and photosynthesis as well as carrying out most metabolism reactions. without it there wouldn't be much of a plant/fruit. A fruit's texture is determined by its chemistry (including its parenchyma) when eaten, but also by the season and how lucky you were with the fruit you picked, which transports nutrients. Apples are harder to bite than pears are softer, but both depend on the season and how lucky you were with the fruit you picked. 7. Seeds: Insert your drawing of the bean and corn seeds below with labels and a figure caption. Label the cotyledon, stem/root axis Your figure caption should include:

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