EGR310 Homework Week 1

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National University *

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310

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Economics

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May 16, 2024

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docx

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Homework Set 1 EGR 310 (100 pts) 1. (10 pts) Select the correct economic criterion (maximize profit, minimize cost, maximize benefit) for each of the following scenarios and briefly explain why: (Chapter 1) a. A community collected $200,000 to put on a 4 th of July fair, parade and fireworks show. What is the economic criterion for organizers? Maximize the benefits or other outputs. The input is fixed so we want to effectively utilize the money collected. b. A restaurant has found that spending on flyer advertising through the mail increases sales but at a decreasing rate as the number of flyers increase. What is the economic criteria for the restaurant? Maximize profit or value of the output – cost of the input. Maximize the difference between the return from the investment and the cost of it. c. A services contractor received a fixed price contract to install and maintain IT equipment for the county of San Diego. What is the economic criteria for the services contractor? Minimize costs or other inputs, choosing the most cost-effective equipment and installation efficiency. 2. (10 pts) Why is step 9 of the decision making process, audit the results, important? Why do you think firms often ignore this step? (Chapter 1) The importance of the audit is to verify the predictions with the results. To ensure the analytical calculations are realistic, and the projected economic analysis is achieved. It is ignored to hide past mistakes, or ethical wrongdoing. 3. (10 pts) A bagel shop has fixed costs of $200 per day and variable costs 10 cents per bagel. How many bagels( x ) must be sold at 50 cents each to break even? To make $100 in one day? To make $200 in one day? (Chapter 2) a. Break even= Fixed cost + variable cost 500 bagels @50 cents. b. $100 profit is $100+$200=.40x which means 750 must be sold for $100 profit. c. $200 profit would need 1,000 bagels to be sold. 4. (10 pts) A manufacturing plant that makes boomerangs has a fixed cost of $500/day and a variable cost of $40/hr for labor for the first 8 hours of production and $60/hr for each hour of production over 8 hours. Assume that the laborers are sent home after completing the required output and paid only for hours worked. If the output of boomerangs is 75/hr, what are the marginal and average costs per boomerang for producing: (Chapter 2) Output at 75/hr at 8 hours = 600 per 8-hour day. Total cost per 8-hour day is Fixed cost + variable cost or $500+$320= $820. a. 450 boomerangs – Marginal ≈ $0.53, Average ≈ $1.64 b. 525 boomerangs – Marginal ≈ $0.53, Average ≈ $1.49 c. 675 boomerangs – Marginal ≈ $0.67, Average ≈ $1.30 d. 750 boomerangs – Marginal ≈ $0.80, Average ≈ $1.25
5. (10 pts) A company plans to design and build transport vehicles for the Army. The cost for the design is $10M. The cost for the test prototype is $2M. The cost to produce and test each production vehicle is $0.5M. What is the non-recurring cost? What is the recurring cost per vehicle? What price per vehicle must the company sell the vehicles to the government to make $50K profit per vehicle if the company sold 50 vehicles? 100 vehicles? Why does the price per vehicle go down when production goes up? (Chapter 2) a. $10m for design, $2m cost for the test prototype for a total of $12m non-recurring cost. b. $0.5m recurring cost per vehicle. c. [($12m + (50 units X $0.5m)]= $37m total cost. $50,000 X 50= $2.5m total profit. i. ($37m + $2.5m) ÷ 50 units= $790,000 per unit. d. [($12m + (100 units X $0.5m)]= $62m total cost. $50,000 X 100= $5m total profit. i. (62m + $5m) ÷ 100 units= $670,000 per unit. 6. (10 pts) Using Fig 2-3, list some possible life cycle activities needed for a nuclear power plant. For example, for the Needs Assessment and Justification phase, you may be doing feasibility studies, projecting power needs studies, etc. Just one activity per phase is fine. (Chapter 2) a. Needs Assessment Phase = Studies on power needed to run plant b. Conceptual Phase = Proof that power output would cover needs c. Detailed Design Phase = Water infrastructure design d. Production Phase = Constructing main foundation slab e. Operational Use Phase = Hiring personnel for all operational support f. Retirement Phase = Safely transporting spent fuel responsibly 7. (10 pts) Eight years ago when the relative cost index was 60, a 10 MW power generation facility cost $5M to build. Today the cost index is 110. What would the cost be to produce a 25MW facility today if the power sizing factor is 0.6? (Chapter 2) a. Cost 25MW today= [(25mw/10mw)^0.6] X (110/60) X $5m ≈ 15,884,600 8. (10 pts) You own an apartment complex with 85 bedroom units. Each unit rents for $1250/mo. Annual costs to operate the complex is $1M. If the vacancy rate is 5%, what profit do you earn per year? (Chapter 2) a. [85 X (0.95) X $1250 X 12 ]- $1,000,000 ≈ $211,250 9. (10 pts) Draw a 5-year cash flow diagram representing the following cash flows to build springs: (Chapter 2) a. Initial investment in plant and equipment $50K b. Annual maintenance: $3K after year 1 and increasing $1K per year after that c. Annual production costs – $10K/year d. Annual revenue - $25K/year
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