QUIZ 02 MAY

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Brigham Young University, Idaho *

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NUTR 150

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Health Science

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May 16, 2024

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5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition WO02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge Due May 4 at 11:59pm Points 17 Questions 20 Available until May 4 at 11:59pm Time Limit None Instructions \SSIGNMENT The internet offers quick access to all kinds of information about various subjects, including health and nutrition. However: just because the information is available, doesn’t always mean it is true. President Oaks teaches us the following: "We need to be cautious as we seek truth and choose sources for that search. We should not consider secular prominence or authority as qualified sources of truth. We should be cautious about relying on information or advice offered by entertainment stars, prominent athletes, or anonymous internet sources. Expertise in one field should not be taken as expertise on truth in other subjects. We should also be cautious about the motivation of the one who provides information ... Our personal decisions should be based on information from sources that are qualified on the subject and free from selfish motivations." (Truth and the Plan (https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2018/10/truth-and-the- plan?lang=eng)_, October 2018) Purpose: Discover how both scientific knowledge and spiritual knowledge are obtained. Task: Explore scientific research methods and practice the skill of evaluating articles for reliability. o If you want the bonus points, do not submit this assignment quiz until you have received the Bonus Word. The Bonus Word is given during the Instructor Weekly Review meeting. o This assignment quiz is not timed. If necessary, you may exit the browser without submitting, re-enter later and submit it before the due date. Your work should save automatically. o Do not copy or share any of the assignment content. NOTE: You will receive a score immediately after submitting your assignment quiz. This is not your final score as your instructor needs to grade the open-ended questions. Attempt History https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 1/15

5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 77 minutes 13.50utof 17 * * Some questions not yet graded (D Correct answers will be available May 8 at 12am - May 15 at 12am. Score for this quiz: 13.5 out of 17 * * Some questions not yet graded Submitted May 4 at 10:57pm This attempt took 77 minutes. Scientific Research. In nutrition, scientific research is used to help answer Instructions questions or hypotheses. There are various types of research or studies including: observational (epidemiology), experimental, and laboratory. Each type of study is different and is used for different situations. a. Watch “Scientific Research 5> (https://video.byui.edu/media/Scientific_Research/0_jOonpk3nu)_” (4:25 mins, "Scientific Research” Transcript 5> (https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX- 1VRXUcMuXYTN61pN_sajxwhzC7zxgrfiLy2bdiUWONpVC8PObhPpO3gWuWXxEqGF- VDHIleVOxacwvUyhx/pub).) b. Answer the following questions. There is only one correct answer per question. Question 1 0.5/0.5pts What study type usually has at least two groups with one group receiving an “intervention” and the other group receiving a “placebo”? Observational Laboratory Experimental All of these studies. Observational research observes groups of people to determine if there are correlations (associations) between variables. There is not a treatment with observational studies. * Experimental research, or clinical trials on people, usually has at least two groups of people. The experimental group receives a treatment and the control group receives a placebo. Using a placebo helps control for the placebo effect. https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 2/15

5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition Laboratory research is conducted on animals or tissue cultures (cells). There is usually a control group and a treatment group. Generally, it is thought that animals do not have a placebo effect (a response based on a strong belief that the treatment will cause a change.) Therefore, placebos are usually not used. Question 2 0.5/0.5pts What study type may not apply to people but can provide supporting evidence for a hypothesis? Laboratory All of these studies. Experimental Observational Laboratory research is conducted on animals or cells. This type of study has several advantages, such as controlling for confounding variables and evaluating relationships at the molecular level. However, animals and humans are different and the result may not apply to humans. Also, research on cells may give different results than would be experienced in the whole person. Question 3 0.5/0.5 pts What study type can help determine a cause & effect relationship in humans? Laboratory Observational All of these studies. Experimental Well-designed experimental research (clinical trials) that are large and use randomized, double-blinded, and placebo control minimizes the confounding variables. These types of studies can begin to determine a cause and effect relationship. Well-designed experimental research (clinical trials) that are large and use randomized, double-blinded, and placebo control minimizes the confounding variables. These types of studies can begin to determine a cause and effect relationship. Question 4 3/ 3 pts Types of Scientific Research. Instructions Review the “Types of Scientific Research” in your textbook (under Section 2.1: The Science of Nutrition &> (https://content.byui.edu/file/64d13340-956-40dd-b5d3- https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 3/15

5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition 7876d9ea2571/1/Principles-of-Nutrition-Full-Bib.pdf)_) and the article abstracts provided in the links below. e Article #1: hitps://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pubmed/25559238 &= of research used in the study to the Article #. Article used observational research (epidemiological), examining the association or correlation between dietary intake and health. Article #1 v Article used experimental research and used randomization and was double-blinded. Article #3 v Article looked more at relationships at a molecular level, but may not be relevant to all populations. Article #2 v Article 1 used data from two large observational studies (the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.) These studies gathered data (observations) on how the people ate and the causes of death. The studies were not experimental. There was not a treatment. Article #2 supplemented the diet of rats. Studies that use animals or cells are considered laboratory in nature, and while they may help further scientific progress, the results of the study may not apply to humans. Article 3 was an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. There was a treatment (blueberry powder) for the experimental group and a placebo for the control group. https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 4/15

5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition Evaluating Strength of the Evidence Instructions Review the “Evaluating STrength of the Evidence from Scientific Studies” in your textbook (under Section 2.2: The Science of Nutrition = (https://content.byui.edu/file/64d13340- €956-40dd-b5d3-7876d9ea2571/1/Principles-of-Nutrition-Full-Bib.pdf)_) and answer the next set of guestions. Question 5 0.5/0.5 pts Anecdotal evidence is All of these answers. Rumor Personal testimony Not fully measured or evaluated See Principles of Nutrition (https://content.byui.edu/file/64d13340-956-40dd-b5d3- 7876d9ea2571/1/Principles-of-Nutrition-Full-Bib.pdf)_, 2.2 Evaluating Strength of the Evidence from Scientific Studies Question 6 0.5/0.5 pts Nutrition science is considered provisional. This means Once accepted it is considered truth. |deas can be revised with new evidence. Science cannot be trusted. All of these answers. The scientific method does not prove absolute truth. There may be new evidence when further research is conducted. It is important to evaluate the strength or reliability of the evidence from scientific studies. Question 7 0.5/0.5 pts The use of randomization and blinding in a study strengthens the evidence by https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 5/15

5/5/24, 6:59 AM W02 Assignment: Seeking Knowledge: Essentials Human Nutrition Controlling for confounding variables. All of these answers. Ensures the correct population is studied. Calculating the findings. Randomization is where the study participants are assigned by chance to the control or experimental group. Randomization helps ensure the possible confounding variables are likely to be evenly distributed between the control and experimental groups. Question 8 0.5/0.5pts Which of the following types of evidence would be considered the strongest? A large epidemiological study. All of these answers. A small study with multiple controls. A large, double-blinded experimental study. Results from large, double-blinded experimental studies would have stronger evidence that a small study (not many people) or a large epidemiological study (an observational study.) The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA\) is a resource that is based on Instructions current scientific nutritional research and knowledge. It is used by federal agencies and nutrition and health professionals as the basis for public education materials and the development of food and nutrition policies and programs. DGA Scavenger Hunt: Refer to the DGA 2020-2025 Executive Summary (https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/files/127244606?wrap=1)_ (https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/files/127244606/download ?download_frd=1) and become familiar with the document while searching for and completing the Dietary Guidelines Scavenger Hunt by answering the questions below. Question 9 0.5/0.5 pts How many people in the United States have one or more diet-related chronic diseases? more than half https://byui.instructure.com/courses/290190/quizzes/4528245 6/15

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