MFT-5106 Week 9

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May 17, 2024

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Measure Critique Critiqued by: Kimberly Goodrich Date: 4/28/24 Name of measure: PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview for DSM-5 (PSS-I-5) Developer(s): Edna B. Foaand Sandy Capaldi Source reference: https://docplayer.net/20899263-Manual-for-the-administration-and-scoring- of-the-ptsd-symptom-scale-interview-for-dsm-5-pss-i-5-past-month-version- edna-b-foa-and-sandy-capaldi.html 1. Construct(s) assessed: This measure is used to diagnose individuals with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, also it can assess the severity of their symptomology. 2. Method of administration: This is a 24-item measure that corresponds with the four DSM-5 clusters of PTSD symptomology. The answers correspond to a 5-point scale for frequency and severity of 0 (not at all) to 4 (6 or more times a week), This can be done by a professional using the interview version. 3. Summary of reliability evidence: Cronbach’s alpha- Within a study having 118 subjects the full scale alpha for the interview version was .85, this was broken down into cluster subscals of reexperiencing (.69), avoidance (.65), and arousal (.71) ( Foa et al., 1993). Test-Retest Reliability - Evaluating with the Pearson Correlations with the 95 subjects the overall correlation for the interview version was .80, p< .001. This was also broken down to the correlations with reesperiencing (.66), avoidance (.76), and arousal (.77) (Foa et al., 1993). Interrater Reliability - In a study of 43 participants, the intraclass correlation was calculated as .97, p < .001. The clusters scores were reexperiencing at .93, avoidance as .95, and arousal at .95 (Foa et al., 1993).

4. Summary of validity evidence (this may include discussions of content, criterion-related [concurrent and/or predictive], and construct [convergent and/or divergent] validity): The AUC determines that within 95% confidence, the PSSI-5 cutoff points are able to accurately determine diagnosability, with a sensitivity of .77 and a specificity of .77. Also this measure has discriminant validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and State- Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale (Foa et al., 2016). Convergent Validity - In a study with 213 participants, the evidence showed a great presence of validy with a total of .85 p<.001 (Foa et al., 2016). Also in a study with 64 participants, it showed the interview version was calculated to have a validity of .94 p < .001 (Foa et al., 1993). Concurrent Validity - The PSS-I-5 also demonstrates concurrent validity correlating with other measures of PTSD symptoms, such as the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for DSM-5 with all of them coming to r> .72 (Foa et al., 2016). 5. Describe the number of participants used to develop the measure and their demographic characteristics: The PSS-I was the original measure before it was revamped for to include the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria. This was founded by Foa to not only diagnose PTSD but to detect severity of the symptoms, which was lacking in previous measures. The original study was developed in 1993, the study they used consisted of 118 women, 46 who had experienced rape and 72 that had not. It consisted of 70% African Americans and 30% Caucasian participants with an average age of 31. The study included participants with all levels of education (Non- highschool graduates to College graduates), and most levels of income (>$30,000 to <$10,000) (Foa et al., 1993). Questions below will come from research that have used the above measure in their studies. Use parenthetical citations and include them on your refefrence page. 6. Provide a brief summary of how clinicians have used this measure in therapy:

Clinicians can use this measure to diagnose PTSD from their symptomology and to guage severity of their symptoms. Also it allows the therapist to tailor treatment by identifying symptom areas that need to be worked on, this is done from looking at the specific clusters and what they scored in them. It can be used as a gauge to see how therapy is going and to track symptom progress, this can include the total symptomology and the severity (Kilpatrick et al., 2013). 7. Recommendations for effective clinical use: To use this measure effectively it is recommended that the assessment is given during the initial evaluation to establish a baseline for treamtment. Ensure to use the cluster analysis for symptoms as this will allow you to effectively identify and treat specific symptoms. For example, if the client demonstrates a high amount of avoidance symptoms then the treatment plan could be use an exposure therapy. This is assessment creates an individualized treatment plan and can help to select a variety of trauma-focused interventions (Kilpatrick et al., 2013). 8. With what populations has this measure been used with (either clinically or in research) (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, setting)  Children and Adolescents clinical diagnosis of PTSD (Foa et al., 2017)  Diagnosing PTSD in other cultures (Hinton & Lewis-Fernández, 2010)  Understanding the link between PTSD and other co-occuring disorders (Post et al., 2011) (Engelhard et al., 2007)  Adult Men and Women clinical diagnosis of PTSD (Foa et al., 2016)  Tracking severity of symptoms of PTSD (Kilpatrick et al., 2013)  Individualized Clinical Treatment Planning (Kilpatrick et al., 2013)  Comparing other mental health assessments (Foa et al., 1993) 9. Find and briefly mention the purpose of 2-3 few research studies that have used the measure:  The purpose for the first study was to evaluate psychometric properties the PTSD Symptom Scale in regards to the diagnosis of children and adolescents. They looked at the interview, self- report, and screening versions of this assessment, for its validity and reliability (Foa et al., 2017).  This looked at the validity of assessments and diagnosis of PTSD in relation to non Western cultures. Using this to determine if PTSD is a “Western culture” disorder based on the current items

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