Blindness in the United States:
The Oppression of the Visually Impaired in America
Madelyn R. Smith
Indiana University- Indianapolis
The United States has many minority groups that face oppression. In the media today, most of the minority issues that are highlighted involve the LGBTQ community, women, and racial minorities. Differently-abled people are rarely given the space to share with the world how they see it. This literature review will discuss terms related to visual impairment, legislative measures taken in the United States to assist those with severe visual impairments, and the oppression and discrimination those who are visually impaired face.
There are a few terms that need defined. The American Academy of
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It was passed in 1990 and amended by the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments act of 2008 (EEOC). These two acts were the most significant. These added protections for employment, education, and public life. Employers and educational institutions are required to provide reasonable accommodations, such as assistive technology and modified tasks. The ADA also affected public life, such as transportation. Public transportation employees have to announce stops loud enough for everyone to hear (The Americans). Even with the legislative measures taken to assist those who are blind, those with significant visual impairments still face oppression. According to Iris Marion Young, oppression “designates the disadvantage and injustice some people suffer not because a tyrannical power coerces them, but because of the everyday practices of a well-intentioned liberal society” (Adams, p 36). People who are blind face oppression when navigating the internet. There are many programs that aid those with vision issues- Braille keyboards and audio and text converters. However, these programs do not always work with websites. At the moment, no government standards exist in the United States (Williams). This is a problem because the internet is a very large part of society. The internet holds the keys to financial needs, educational advancement, and social interactions. Therefore, legislation needs to be passed to make the digital world as
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant laws in American History. Before the ADA was passed, employers were able to deny employment to a disabled worker, simply because he or she was disabled. With no other reason other than the person's physical disability, they were turned away or released from a job. The ADA gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities similar to those provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion. The act guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. The ADA not only opened the door for
The Americans with Incapacities Act (ADA) got to be law in 1990. The ADA is a social equality law that forbids oppression people with handicaps in every aspect of open life, including employments, schools, transportation, and all open and private places that are interested in the overall population. The motivation behind the law is to ensure that individuals with handicaps have the same rights and open doors as other people. The ADA is separated into five titles (or segments) that identify with distinctive ranges of open life.(Eeoc.gov, 2015)
American with Disability Act (ADA) gives civil rights protections to persons with disabilities in all facets of the American society, “every man, woman, and child with a disability can now pass through once-closed doors into a bright new era of equality, independence, and freedom”, with those words on July 26, 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act (ada.gov, 2009). The ADA law does not list specific disability conditions, rather, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) under Title I of the Act, specifies conditions that are attributed to disability and undertakes the enforcement authority. Title1 deals with the
Before starting this class and especially the research paper, I knew very little about the ADA. During the period of research and writing the paper I hope to obtain a better grasp on the ADA in general. But I also hope to learn some things that my current place of employment can improve our standards when it comes to those with disabilities. The ADA was signed into law on July 26, 1990 by then President George H. W. Bush. It prohibits discrimination based on disability and only disability. It is fairly similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
In today's world, one would assume that America is hitting all the marks, when in reality we are falling short in what may count the most. We are not meeting the basic needs of our largest minority group, mentally and physically disabled people. Lack of accessibility is a difficult hurdle for both physically and cognitively disabled people. Lawmakers have a duty to everyone in America, not just the able, and encouraging accessibility in the public is the first step in the right direction.
The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in 1990 to help prevent discrimination against those with disabilities. Part of preventing discrimination was ensuring that people with mobility issues have equal access to most buildings that are visited by or that rent to the public. Most hotels, apartment complexes, restaurants, grocery stores, shopping malls, retailers and sports complexes must comply with the provisions of the ADA, and the law applies to virtually all public buildings as well.
The Americans with Disabilities Act became law on July 26,1990 and was announce as a civil right law that banned discrimination against people with disabilities in all aspects of life.In addition,the act also has five titles that are included within it to help explain what the act is about.The first title is about equal employment for people who have disabilities,the second title states that people with disabilities can not be discriminated against while participating in any activity,the third is about public places not being alowed to discriminate against peopke with disabilites,the fourth titles says that all telephone companies need to provide services that help people with a hearing disability can communicate over the phone and lastly tilte
On July 26th, 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act were signed into law. The act intended to make American society more accessible to people with disabilities. This is one of the most comprehensive civil rights laws enacted in the United States and prohibits discrimination on the basis of physical or mental disability. By passing the ADA the government recognized the fact that a large number of Americans were still being excluded from many areas of life, including employment, access to public and governmental accommodations, transportation and telecommunications. The ADA provides a much-needed standard for the protection of civil rights of people with disabilities. The ADA is divided into to 5 parts called Titles. Title I covers employment,
The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, henceforth known as the ADA, was first sponsored and introduced to Congress in 1988 by Senator Weicker and Representative Coelho in the 100th Congress. The second version of the ADA was revised and introduced again in 1989 by Senator Tom Harkin, Senator Durrenberger, Representative Coelho, and Representative Fish in the 101st Congress (https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record). This law began with many initial proposals that contributed to its final outcome. Some of these initial proposals were non-legislative but contributed greatly to the final product of the law. Robert L. Burgdorf Jr., a disability rights scholar, stated that “the Americans
In 1986, the National Council on Disability recommended the enactment of the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) (ADA National Network, n.d.).The first version of the bill was drafted and introduced in the House of Representatives and U.S. Senate in 1988 (ADA National Network, n.d.). President H.W. Bush signed the finalized version of the bill on July 26, 1990. ADA protects over 50 million people living with at least one disability in the United States (Thompson 2015, p.2296). Amy Thompson (2015) emphasizes that the purpose of ADA is to ensure Americans living with a disability are afforded the same opportunities and be a full participant in public life like everyone else (p. 2296). This essay will briefly describe the substance and the government agency that implements and enforces the ADA. In addition, this essay will also identify an important judicial decision that has affected the administration of the law ADA.
The individuals with disabilities act (ADA) was sign into regulation on July 26, 1990 by using President George. W. Bush. Its passage came after years of advocacy by means of incapacity rights supporters. The ADA observed earlier countrywide regulation that guaranteed disability rights in authorities, housing, and training, inclusive of the rehabilitation act of 1973. The fair housing amendments act of 1988, which amended the fair housing act of 1968 to consist of people with disabilities, and the training for all handicapped kids act of 1975, which changed into the predecessor to the individuals with disabilities training act. In signing the individuals with disabilities act, President George. W. Bush declared that the ADA
There's something about the mindset of high school students that seems to make them think they're unassailable. If you walk down a high school hallway and look around, you see the faces of kids that carry themselves as though they're invincible and ready to take on whatever comes at them. The reality is, almost all of those faces are concealing suffering that's consuming them.
As one of the top ten causes of disability in the United States, vision loss is not only a public health issue locally, but all over the world. Currently, China has 18% of the blind population in the world. Vision loss leads to decreased productivity, disability, and minimum quality of life. (CDC,) Having loss of vision in a world that is created for those who can see and hear, can be difficult for those who are attempting to become or are self- sufficient. (CDC,) Attempting to become self-sufficient without things such as speaking crosswalks, affordable transportation, designed accessibility in colleges and universities, and in the workplace can make it quite difficult. In addition, vision loss care in the United States cost millions of dollars every year.
Imagine walking down the street on your cell phone and you walk past a tree filled with money unknowingly. You’d think it’d be impossible to miss a tree full of money but a previous study shows that nearly all individuals who were walking by the tree walked directly past the money without notice (Hyman, Sarb & Wise-Swanson, 2014). This process is called Inattentional blindness (IB). Inattentional blindness is the process of not seeing salient objects although we are looking directly at them as our attention is directed at something else (Mack, 2003).
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