Health and social care unit 12 p3 p4

For example Celiac Disease, Celiac disease is a disorder caused by a sensitivity to gluten.

Ill health is monitored through statistics, reports and patterns of ill health. It is observed through the use of statistics; this information can be collected through questionnaires, experiments, surveys or observation, and is presented in four different ways:

M3: Discuss the care strategies that can be used to support individuals with each physiological disorder.

The roots of the tree suggest the requirement of understanding the conditions that conclude health and ill health; biological inheritance, physical environment, cultural, social, political and economic circumstances. The understanding of who, when and where is affected enables possible interventions to be identified. The trunk of the tree illustrates the importance of organisational commitment to improving health. Lastly, the branches describe key areas for health promotion activity and those elements of the setting that contribute to health. Health promotion works by the belief system. The belief system is when an individual is experiencing change in their health. The belief system is made up of many positive factors such as; health, aesthetic gain, benefits to family, pariah status and financial gain. This belief system can be used in many health issues such as overcoming obesity. There are many positives for overcoming obesity which are; reducing the chance of getting illnesses/diseases, heart disease, infertility, type 2 diabetes, some cancers and strokes. The aesthetic gain It would be that people would lose weight more and then would look/be thinner. Benefits to family The benefits to the family would be that by them being healthier the rest of the family may be influenced to start being healthy to avoid the risk of developing any illness/disease.

The similarities between the 19th, 20th and 21st Century was that famous personalities mentioned above aimed at improving the health of the populace over time. They all carried out numerous investigations and research to bring about positive results. In the 21st, there was the Health Protection Agency, an independent organisation that focuses on protecting individuals’ health throughout the UK. There is also the National Institute for Clinical Excellency also an independent organisation; their responsibility is to provide national guidance and treatment of ill-health which has improved the living standard, condition and a huge improvement of health in the wider UK population.

This means attempting to reduce the levels of ill health, by introducing new programmes which identify people as being at risk of a condition and engaging them with preventative programmes. For example a programme that the government and the NHS do is to get people tested for HIV and provide them treatment. For people who don’t have HIV they can be given a free vaccinations, so they don’t get affected by the disease. Also another example is a doctor identifying someone with diabetes because of their obesity, which then they referrer you to a weight management programme for support in losing weight and sending you to a gym with others in the same programme. There are also adverts like Stoptober to help stop people smoking.

Public Health (PH) Wales was established as a National Health Service (NHS) in October 2009. One of its four statutory functions is to provide and manage a range of services relating to the surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases (Wales, P.H. 2013).

It’s interesting to see how the leading causes of death in both countries are relatively the same thing.

According to Charles-Edward A. Wilson, in the book Introduction to Public Health, public health’s main goals are to prevent disease and promote health (Schneider 2017). He further states that this is a “science and an art” (2017). The science behind public health works is data collection and statistics interpretation. The art is the discovery and subsequent tracking of mysterious, alongside known, illnesses leading to sustainable solutions for the communities prolonged life and well-being. Although there have been highly successful advances in public health’s goals since its conception, funding remains lower than what may be necessary due to the controversies associated with what could be deemed socialist notions. Public health efforts have somewhat intangible benefits which do not always translate well to the visible costs.

health at all levels, from individuals to society to worldwide policy and supporting and encouraging it to be higher on personal and public

As I have mentioned above that health systems are important to people’s health. The World Health Report 2000 define three objectives for the health systems: improving the health of the population they serve; responding to people’s expectations; and providing financial protection against the costs of ill-health. Furthermore, it attempts to assess the average level of attainment of a given objective and its distribution across the population. This follows a growing interest in equity, making it an essential element of performance. These objectives and measures will be discussed. For the first measure, the health status of a population would be measured by an average, such as life expectancy or infant mortality as well as the range of life expectancy across subgroups within a population. The focus of many national health systems has been on service delivery, with the majority of a health system’s budget being taken up by recurrent costs, particularly staff salaries. Creating resources refers to investment in health care infrastructure and training of health professionals, which is commonly undertaken by the public sector, though some middle-income countries have large private sectors that include medical schools and high technology facilities with private financing. Service provision has traditionally been the main role of health systems, but this is increasingly being

World health Organization (WHO) defines health policy as the decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society. Health policies defines all the health care priorities, and establish a system of well-planned interventions to achieve better health outcomes. Governments with adequate policy capacity have ‘the ability to develop policy that is aligned with resources in pursuit of goals’ (Greer, Wismar and Figueras 2016: 39). Health policies always designed to targets specific diseases, to control certain determinant of health, or to generally provide a healthy life-style

The ‘Declaration of Alma-Ata’ delivered the foundations of PHC by identifying a lack of, and requirement for equality in health and health care between different communities and countries (Talbot & Verrinda, 2013). The Alma-Ata defines PHC as being a responsibility of governments to enable equal access to health care despite the varying impacts of socioeconomic, sociocultural or environmental determinants, and should incorporate, at a minimum; education to patients, preventative care, curative care, rehabilitation, adequate food and water supply, access to medication, prevention of disease spread through immunisation, adequate sanitation, and support through affordable access to care and increased awareness (Talbot & Verrinda, 2013). The ‘Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion’ further builds on providing PHC, as outlined by the Alma-Ata, by taking a HP approach (Talbot & Verrinda, 2013; WHO, 2017). The charter defines HP as a process that encourages individuals to take charge over improving their health by providing a framework of resources aimed to educate, enable, support and provide (Talbot & Verrinda, 2013; Keleher & MacDougall, 2015; WHO, 2017). PHC and HP are largely focused around the social determinants of health and aim to reduce the inequalities in health that may potentially be caused by the impact of these determinants.

WHO has defined health as the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Promoting a healthy society is not just a need but a necessity. The passerby years have envisaged a series of revolutionary changes in the field of Public Health which have improved the quality of life by improving the quality of health of the masses. There are several reasons for the renaissance in the last decade. The most important ones include eradication of infectious diseases through vaccination, mass education and awareness, better hygiene and sanitation, better primary care facilities and more stress on epidemiology. Improving health of the population is high on the government’s agenda to

Public health is defined as the science of protecting and improving people’s health and their communities. Public health is achieved through promotion of healthy lifestyles, researching the prevention of diseases and injuries, as well as detecting, thwarting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks. As such, public health involves protecting the health of entire populations, for example, in local neighborhoods or in an entire country or region of the world. The mission of public health is to create the conditions within which people can be healthy.