1. Let G (V, E) be a dominating pair graph and {u, v} any domi- nating pair with distance greater than 4. Then the shortest paths in I are MCDS of G.
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- 4. Let G (V, E) be a directed graph. Suppose we have performed a DFS traversal of G, and for each vertex v, we know its pre and post numbers. Show the following: (a) If for a pair of vertices u, v € V, pre(u) < pre(v) < post(v) < post(u), then there is a directed path from u to v in G. (b) If for a pair of vertices u, v € V, pre(u) < post(u) < pre(v) < post(v), then there is no directed path from u to v in G.Consider a connected graph G with at least 4 edges that has all distinct edge weights. Which of the following properties must be true of a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of G? I. The MST must contain the shortest edge of G. II. The MST must contain the second-shortest edge of G. III. The MST can never contain the longest edge of G. O None OI Only OI and II Only I and III Only OI, II, and IIILet G = (V, E) be an undirected graph with vertices V and edges E. Let w(e) denote the weight of e E E. Let T C E be a spanning tree of G. Select all of the following that imply that T is not a minimum spanning tree (MST) for G. Incorrect choices will be penalized. There exists e' (u, v) g T, u, v E V such that w(e') w(e'). O There exists e' g T such that w(e') w(e) for all e E E. O There exists e' (u, v) É T, u, v E V such that w(e') < w(e) for all e on the shortest path from u to v in T. O There exists e E T, e' ¢ T with w(e) < w(e').
- H.w: show that Let x be a e dge of Connected graph G. The following statements are equivalent. (1) X is X is a bridge of G (2) X is not on any eycle of G ® There exist vertices u and vof G such the ecdgex is on every path goning u and V O There exists a pardition of V into su bsets ų and w such that for any verticesUEU and w the edge x ison every path joining u and wConsider a connected graph G with at least 4 edges that has all distinct edge weights. Which of the following properties must be true of a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of G? I. The MST must contain the shortest edge of G. II. The MST must contain the second-shortest edge of G. III. The MST can never contain the longest edge of G. None I Only I and II Only I and III Only O1, II, and IIIWhich is true/false. Let G be a connected undirected weighted graph. Consider the following two statements. S₁: There exists a minimum weight edge in G which is present in every minimum spanning tree of G. S2: If every edge in G has distinct weight, then G has a unique minimum spanning tree.
- Part 2: Random GraphsA tournament T is a complete graph whose edges are all oriented. Given a completegraph on n vertices Kn, we can generate a random tournament by orienting each edgewith probability 12 in each direction.Recall that a Hamiltonian path is a path that visits every vertex exactly once. AHamiltonian path in a directed graph is a path that follows the orientations of thedirected edges (arcs) and visits every vertex exactly once. Some directed graphs havemany Hamiltonian paths.In this part, we give a probabilistic proof of the following theorem:Theorem 1. There is a tournament on n vertices with at least n!2n−1 Hamiltonian paths.For the set up, we will consider a complete graph Kn on n vertices and randomlyorient the edges as described above. A permutation i1i2 ...in of 1,2,...,n representsthe path i1 −i2 −···−in in Kn. We can make the path oriented by flipping a coin andorienting each edge left or right: i1 ←i2 →i3 ←···→in.(a) How many permutations of the vertices…(1) T F Given a directed graph G and a vertex v in the graph, breath first search (BFS) can be used to detect if v is part of a cycle in the graph. (2) T F Let P be a shortest path from some vertex s to some other vertex t in a directed graph. If the weight of each edge in the graph is decreased by one, then P will still be a shortest path from s to t. (3) T F edge Kruskal's algorithm is always correct even in graphs with negative weights. (4) T F For any flow network, there is only one unique way to assign flow value to the edges so as to achieve the maximum flow for the network. NP problems are those problems that cannot be solved in polynomial (5) T F time.Be G=(V, E)a connected graph and u, vEV. The distance Come in u and v, denoted by d(u, v), is the length of the shortest path between u'and v, Meanwhile he width from G, denoted as A(G), is the greatest distance between two of its vertices. a) Show that if A(G) 24 then A(G) <2. b) Show that if G has a cut vertex and A(G) = 2, then Ġhas a vertex with no neighbors.
- . Let G be a weighted, connected, undirected graph, and let V1 and V2 be a partition of the vertices of G into two disjoint nonempty sets. Furthermore, let e be an edge in the minimum spanning tree for G such that e has one endpoint in V1 and the other in V2. Give an example that shows that e is not necessarily the smallest- weight edge that has one endpoint in V1 and the other in V2.12 C F 4 1 A 11 10 7 8 3 B 9. D 2]6. Directed graph G= (V, E) about V = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, E = {(ij)|1 ≤ iSEE MORE QUESTIONS