2. Rotenone: inhibits NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). NADH levels: H* Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal? 3. DNP: allows protons (H*) to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane (between matrix and inter-membrane space) based on concentration gradient. NADH levels: H+ Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal? 4. Oligomycin: blocks the proton channel of ATP synthase. NADH levels: H* Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal?

2. Rotenone: inhibits NADH dehydrogenase (complex I). NADH levels: H* Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal? 3. DNP: allows protons (H) to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane (between matrix and inter-membrane space) based on concentration gradient. NADH levels: H+ Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal? 4. Oligomycin: blocks the proton channel of ATP synthase. NADH levels: H Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK

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What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial matrix during oxidative phosphorylation? 1. Protons carried across the membrane by a molecule of dinitrophenol 2. Protons are transported along with ADP by the ATP/ADP translocase.3. Protons enter the half channel in subunit a facing the inter membrane space and exit via the half channel facing the mitochondrial matrix. Choose 1 correct answer explain? Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion
3. DNP: allows protons (H+) to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane (between matrix and inter-membrane space) based on concentration gradient. NADH levels: H+ Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal?
6. Fill in the blanks and select the correct option [A/B/C] in the paragraph below. Although both NADH and FADH₂ bring high-energy electrons to the ETC, ultimately they produce different amounts of [ H₂O / ATP /0₂]. NADH is [oxidized / reduced] by NADH reductase resulting in 2 H*/protons being pumped from the to the [2/4/6] FADH₂ gives its electrons to [ ubiquinone / cytochrome c] which means that only [2/4/6] H*/protons are pumped. All electrons are eventually accepted by which produces water/H₂O. Ultimately, each NADH is responsible for the production of about [2/3 /4] ATP while FADH₂ makes [2/3/4] when the potential energy of the electrochemical gradient moves [ protons/electrons ] back into the matrix using the enzyme
1. True / False: NADH dehydrogenase is the least electronegative complex of the ETC. 2. True / False: Most of the energy lost during the conversion of one form to another is as light. 3. True / False: The addition of a phosphate group is called phosphorylation. 4. True / False: The ETC pumps protons into the mitochondrial matrix. 5. True / False: FADH₂ transfers its electrons directly to cytochrome c. 6. True / False: FADH₂ is created exclusively during the citric acid cycle. 7. True/False: Alcohol fermentation occurs most commonly in animals and plants. 8. True / False: During fermentation, NAD* is regenerated when NADH is reduced. 9. True / False: The hydrolysis of ATP releases free energy. 10. True / False: Most of the CO₂ produced by cellular respiration is formed during ETC/chemiosmosis.
1. Name and draw diagrammatically the series of mitochondrial electron transfer catalysts, starting with the oxidation of NADH and succinate and ending with the reduction of O2. 2. Indicate the sites and stoichiometry (per 2e) at which protons are translocated from the matrix to the intermembrane space. 3. Indicate which complexes are inhibited by: amytal, antimycin A, azide (N3 ), cyanide (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), and rotenone. 4. Describe the effects of (1) oligomycin and (2) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, e.g., dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonyl cyanide-p- trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), on respiration and ATP synthesis when added to a suspension of mitochondria with excess malate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ ( ATP tion? H₂O ADP 1/202 NADH Q₁H₂ NAD+ Q₁ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. Complex II (a)( In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the…
Referring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport and proton pump Oxidative phosphorylation Outer mitochondrial membrane H* -Intermembrane H+ H+ H+ space H* H+ H+ Cytochrome c H+ COQH, CoQ UU COQH2 CoQ JU U Inner mitochondrial membrane Ht e ATPase Complex II Complex II Complex IV Complex e ADP +P - Mitochondrial matrix NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD АТР H+ -H+ H+ H20
2. Mitochondria isolated from bovine cardiac muscle, when subjected to sonication, form closed mem- brane vesicles containing the electron transport catalysts and the ATP synthase enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A diagrammatic representation of these electron transport particles retaining the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is given below. NADH NAD+ H₂O tion? 1/202 Q₁H₂ NADH- NAD+ Complex I Complex III ADP Complex IV Complex II ATP ADP ATP In the diagram protein complexes colored gray indicate that they are inhibited while complexes colored red, green, etc. are catalytically active. (a) In Panel A indicate which side of the membrane vesicle faced the matrix and which side faced the intermembrane space prior to sonication. During coupled substrate oxidation which compart- ment will be of higher pH and which of lower pH. (b) For the system in Panel A, sonication of mitochondria was carried out in the presence of an excess of ferricytochrome c (i.e., the heme…
16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ++ FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ 16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ+ + FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ →→→→4cyt c (Fe²+) + Show Transcribed Text → 4cyt c (Fe²+) +
4. Oligomycin: blocks the proton channel of ATP synthase. NADH levels: H+ Gradient: Reduction of O2: ATP Synthase: Fatal?
Where is ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation? (where is it located immediately after the moment of synthesis) Group of answer choices the mitochondrial matrix the cytoplasm the intermembrane space the inner mitochondrial membrane Which of the following most readily donates electrons? (strongest reducing agent) Group of answer choices NADH NAD+ Ubiquinone lactate Protons first enter ATP synthase through which subunit? Group of answer choices β c γ a
10. ATP synthase is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy conversion. Mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency is due to a mutation in a gene important for the formation of a subunit in the ATP synthase complex, seen in the illustration below. Scientists could use cells with this gene mutation to investigate which of the following questions? (LS1-7) * Inner mitochondrial membrane PYRUVATE CITRIC ACO OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYL- ATION GLYCOLYSIS ONDATION ATP synthase Intermembrane Protein complex of electron space carriers IV Inner mitochondrial membrane FADH, FAD 2 H* + ½02 H,0 NADH NAD ADP + O ATP (carrying electrons from food) Mitochondrial matrix Oxidative phosphorylation What effect does the mutation have on the movement of electrons between the electron carriers of the electron transport chain? What effect does the mutation have on the amount of ATP synthesized during cellular respiration? What effect does the mutation have on the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space of the…