26. Draw a figure of a lipoprotein-containing structure that carries lipids.
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- 18. Define and list essential amino acids. Also define complete, and incomplete proteins and give one example for each2. Adipocytes store fat in phospholipid-coated droplets in the cytosol. The protein perilipin is also associated with the surface of the lipid droplet. (a) Describe the likely structure of the perilipin protein. (b) Explain how phosphorylation of perilipin could help expose the lipids in the droplet to digestion by lipases.9. A daily diet of a 55-ycar-old woman, consisted of a 500 g of carbohydrates, 100 g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity. What possible consequences for the lipid metabolism such lifestyle could trigger? For the answer: a) compare the daily food consumption of the patient with the norm for this age and level of physical activity; b) draw the scheme of TAG synthesis in the liver and continue with their following transport to the tissues; c) draw the scheme of metabolic pathways which are more active in adipocytes of this patient compared with an individual of the same age consuming balanced dict; d) name the biologically active molecules released by adipocytes of this patient.
- H8. Which statement about lipids is incorrect? A) Fatty acids are found in membranes as triaglycerols, phosphoglycerolipids, and sphingolipids. B) Isoprenoids (terpeoids) form branched lipids. C) Cholesterol is a significant component of cell membranes. D) Phosphate head groups often have additional chemical modifications. E) Membrane lipids are generally amphipathic.5. One student has got 300 g of carbohydrates and 50 g of proteins with dinner, another - 300 g of carbohydrates and 50 g of fats. Both did not carry out any physical activity. Explain the difference in the lipoprotein composition in their blood one hour after the meal. For the answer: a) name all types of lipoproteins and describe their structure and functions; b) draw, the schemes explaining the difference in the lipoprotein formation in both students; c) name the methods used for lipoproteins analysis of serum blood; d) draw the scheme of electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins for both students.18. Name the type of biomolecules shown below:
- 5. One student has got 300 g of carbohydrates and 50 g of proteins with dinner, another – 300 g of carbohydrates and 50 g of fats. Both did not carry out any physical activity. Explain the difference in the lipoprotein composition in their blood one hour after the meal. For the answer: a) name all types of lipoproteins and describe their structure and functions; b) draw, the schemes explaining the difference in the lipoprotcin formation in both students; c) name the methods used for lipoproteins analysis of serum blood; d) draw the scheme of electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins for both students.4. Which of the following explains why steroids are considered.to.be lipids? a) They contain fatty acids b) They are used as fat storage c) They are lipid soluble d) The are rich in hydrogen e) None of the above1. The diagram shows a structure of a lipid molecule. What is the name of this type of lipid? b. How many ester bonds are present in this molecule? c. After the lipid molecule above is fully hydrolysed, the polyunsaturated fatty acid enters B-oxidation. (i) How many rounds of ß-oxidation will the polyunsaturated fatty acid go through? а. (ii) Using omega system (@) and delta system (A) to name the polyunsaturated fatty acid.
- 5. Consider the fatty acid. Which of the designations are accurate for the fatty acid? -O O A) B) C) D) E) none of the above 6. Which of the following is not a function of lipids? co-6 fatty acid -3 fatty acid 20:4 (A6,9,12,15) 4,7,10,13-nonadecatetraenoic acid A) energy storage B) membrane structure C) glucose oxidation D) signaling =classify the ff lipids whether it is simple,complex or derived: 1) lecithin 2) tallow 3) retinol 4) linoleic acid 5) cholesterol18. Where is the energy stored in ADP? a) Between the first and second phosphate bond b) Between the second and third phosphate bond c) Between the adenine and phosphate bond d) There is no energy stored in ADP 19. True or False: Any molecule can bind to any enzyme. 20. True or False: Carbohydrates are stored in our body (humans) as starch. 21. True or False: The nucleus is a membrane bound organelle. 22.Phospholipids are a) Hydrophobic only b) Hydrophilic only c) Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic d) None of the above