5. Which of the following membrane lipids does not contain fatty acid tails? Explain what the biochemical nature of such lipid is. M) Phosphatidylcholine N) A glycolipid O) Phosphatidylserine P) Cholesterol Answer: Explanation:
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- 1. Make a series (at least 3) of drawings to show the three dehydration synthesis reactions that take place between the two Fatty Acids, the Phosphate Head and the Glycerol. Show the water molecules made. a) Label the following on the completed phospholipid: hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol. b) Compare the structure of the phospholipid to that of a triglyceride. How are the two molecules Similar? How are they different? 2. Use the following vocabulary to label and draw a cell membrane: cytoplasm (cell lumen) extra-cellular fluid hydrophobic hydrophilic polar head non-polar tails a) How many O-H groups are there? And are the O-H areas of sucrose polar or non-polar? b) What is the term that is used to discuss how tightly or loosely an atom's nucleus has a hold of its valence electrons?2. (a) The diagram below shows the structure of a lipid. i. Which type of lipid does this structure belong to? ii. Give one example of molecule made up of this type of lipid. iii. Describe the distinct roles of this type of lipid on membrane at different temperatures. Keep your answer brief. (b) The figure illustrates the structure of a lipid. CH2-O- CH-O- CH2 i. Regarding the types of fatty acids, what is the name of this type of lipid? Give the full name, not abbreviation. ii. After hydrolysis, the fatty acid chain indicated by an arrow is released. Name this fatty acid in n-system and delta (A) designation. ii. How can the fatty acid release energy in the cells?Terpenes are a class of lipids based on the isoprene molecule and are typically incorporated into complex molecular structures. Which of the following molecules 3. a) b) retinal vitamin K vitamin E phosphatidic acid coenzyme Q lonile The steroids are lipids with a variely of different functions in cells that have structures based upon the steroid nucleus. Sterolas that have cholesterol as a precursor but do not function as hormones include: a) myristic acid, palmitic acid b) glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids tristearoylglycerol, trioleoylglycerol cholic acid, deoxycholic acid sphingomyelins, glycosphingolipids c) d) e)
- asap13. Which of the following statements about membrane phospholipids is/are true? a) They are oriented within biological membranes with polar head groups facing the outsides of the membrane. b) Only if assisted by the appropriate enzymes, phospholipids in aqueous solution will form themselves into bilayers, which seal their edges by forming droplets. c) They can have different shapes depending on the presence of double bonds in their fatty acid tails. d) a and c e) a, b and cWill rate ASAP Which of the following amino acid residues would not provide a side chain for acid-base catalysis at physiological pH? (Assume pK values of each amino acid are equal to the pK value for the free amino acid in solution.) I. leucine II. lysine III. aspartic acid IV. histidine A) I, II, III B) I, II C) I D) II E) I, III
- attached to the polypeptides keep the amino acid chains in an extended configuration. Membrane proteins of animal cells can have the majority of their polypeptide chains extending above the plasma membrane surface. Carbohydrate molecules covalently These membrane proteins are examples of: a) b) c) d) lipoproteins extracellular proteoglycans glycoproteins peptidoglycans B-barrel proteins Carbohydrates can be attached to hydroxylysine amino acid residues. Carbohydrates of this type are called: polypeptide chains through serine, threonine, or glycosaminoglycans O-linked oligosaccharides lipopolysaccharides O-antigens N-linked oligosaccharides a) b)8. For protein adsorption to the types of material surfaces designated below, indicate whether the adsorption process is primarily mediated by either enthalpic or entropic effects. Briefly justify your answers for each case. (A) A material surface functionalized with nonpolar groups (i.e., hydrophobic). (B) A material surface functionalized with polar groups (i.e., neutral hydrophilic). (C) A material surface functionalized with charged groups (i.e., +/-).Which of the following (could be more than one) would not be a rational explanation for why the three-dimensional structure of a protein is driven and stabilized largely by noncovalent rather than covalent bonds?a) Proteins may be degraded for energy, and if their three-dimensional structures were heldtogether by mostly covalent bonding, this might be too difficult to accomplishb) Proteins will need to be unfolded to cross biological membrane, and if their three-dimensionalstructures were held together by mostly covalent bonding, this might be too difficult toaccomplish.c) Protein function (transport, enzyme catalysis, etc...) may require flexibility in the three-dimensional structure to allow for conformational change, and if protein three-dimensionalstructure were held together by mostly covalent bonding, this might be too difficult toaccomplish.d) All of the answer choices are rational explanations for why the three-dimensional structure of protein is driven and stabilized largely…
- 1. Draw the structure of triglyceride containing the fatty acids palmitic, oleic, and linoleic. How many Hydrogen atoms are needed in the its catalytic hydrogenation? 2. Draw the structure of Phosphatidylserine that contains oleic and arachidonic acid. What role does it play in the cell?Two different membrane components are shown in the figure below. HO B A CH3 choline head group C glycerol backbone H3C D hydrocarbon tail CH3 CH3 CH3 B- C- D CH₂ 0 CH3 O CH3 C=O C=O CH-CH₂ What are the molecular modules indicated by the letters A-D? Select from the two options provided for each module. Asterol polar head group CH₂ CH₂ O CH3(a) Draw an example of a triglyceride molecule and name the functional group that links the glycerol backbone to the side-chains derived from fatty acids. (b) The structure of a neuraminidase inhibitor is shown in Figure Q6b. This compound renders the influenza virus unable to escape its host cell and so controls further infection. Using your knowledge of amino acids, draw possible binding interactions that all functional groups in the inhibitor (except C7-OH) could make with the neuraminidase enzyme. + H HN. H + Arg152 NH, HN 12 Arg156 OH NHCCH, Glu119 OH -0 но ÓH H+ N. HN HN Arg118 HN' 2 + HN Glu276 + H Arg292 NH, HN NH2 Arg371 Neuraminidase Inhibitor (Figure Q6b)