A bag contains 10 red pens, 15 blue pens, and 20 black pens. Joseph will pull a pen from the bag.If Joseph pulls a red pen from the bag and he keeps the pen, is the probability of him selecting another red pen after a second pull an independent or dependent event? Explain.   Provide two examples of real world combinations, one in which repetition isn’t allowed and one in which repetition is.   Why do we use different calculations) when figuring out how many permutations there are when repetition is allowed vs. when repetition is not allowed? How are these calculations different from each other? A player drops a ball at the starting point. Is this game fair?