Capping of eukaryotic mRNA occurs at the 5' end O occurs at the 3' end O occurs at both ends O doesn't occur at all
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- Imagine you are going to label a gene associated with apoptosis in Symbiodiniaceae with a Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). To generate the YFP, you know the pre-MRNA looks as follows: Unspliced YFP premature mRNA Сap 5' UTR Exon 1 Intron Exon 2 Intron Exon 3 3' UTR Poly-A tail If Exon 2 is also required for mRNA stability, what can be predicted from the possible spliced alternative isoforms formed? One of the isoforms will not have a poly-A tail O The alternative splicing of YFP pre-MRNA prevents 5'-capping The MRNA isoform without Exon 2 will be degraded faster than the other isoform Exon 2 will be added to isoform B later to correct the mistake in splicing The protein translated from one of the mRNA isoforms will possess an additional functional domainThe following double-stranded DNA sequence is part of a hypothetical yeast genome which contains a very small gene. Transcription starts at the Transcription Start Site (TSS), proceeds in the direction of the arrow and stops at the end of the Transcription Terminator (green box). 5' 3' TSS CTATAAAAATGCCATGCATTATCTAGATAGTAGGCTCTGAGAAATTTATCTCACT | | | | | | | | | | GATATTTTTACGGTACGTAATAGATCTATCATCCGAGACTCTTTAAATAGAGTGA - 5' PROMOTER TERMINATOR 3' a) Which strand (top or bottom) is the template strand? Explain why. b) What is the sequence of the mRNA produced from this gene? Label the 5' and 3' ends. c) What is the sequence of the protein produced from the mRNA? d) If a mutation (an insertion) were found where a T/A (top/bottom) base pair were added immediately after the T/A base pair shown in red, what would be the sequence of the mRNA? What would be the sequence of the protein?exon 1 еxon 2 exon 3 exon 4 5' 3' 13' DNA 15' TRANSCRIPTION exon 1 exon 2 exon 3 exon 4 13' pre-MRNA ALTERNATIVE SPLICING 1 2 3 4 1 4 A В two alternative MRNAS Without knowing the DNA (or RNA) sequence, describe an experiment that would show you the difference between the two alternative MRNAS (labeled A and B) shown for this hypothetical gene. Specifically, how would you know A) How many exons each alternative mRNA contains? You can just describe the result B) Which exons they were? You can just describe the result. min in
- In eukaryotes there is not a consistent relationship between the length of the coding sequence of a gene and the length of the mature mRNA it encodes, even though one nucleotide in DNA = one nucleotide in pre-mRNA or primary transcript. Explain why this is so.Post-transcriptional Modification of Eukaryotic mRNAs What might be the advantages of capping, methylation, and polyadenylylation of eukaryotic mRNAs?Below is the double stranded DNA sequence of part of a hypothetical yeast genome encoding a very small gene. Transcription starts at nucleotide immediately following the promoter. The termination sequence is TATCTC. How many amino acids will this protein have? 5' TCATGAGATA GCCATGCACTA AGGCATCTGA GTTTATATCT CA 3' 3' AGTACTCTAT CGGTACGTGAT TCCGTAGACT CAAATATAGA GT 5'
- A single mutation in one of the transcription factors inProblem 33 results in a drastic reduction in YFG transcription. Diagram what this mutant interaction mightlook likeThe method of Northern blotting is used to determine the amountand size of a particular RNA transcribed in a given cell type.Alternative splicing (discussed in Chapter 14) produces mRNAsof different lengths from the same gene. The Northern blot shownhere was obtained using a DNA probe that is complementary tothe mRNA encoded by a particular gene. The mRNA in lanes 1through 4 was isolated from different cell types, and equal amountsof total cellular mRNA were added to each lane. Explain these results.Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost alleukaryotic mRNAs have a tract with more than100 As in a row. How is this possible?
- The diagram below shows an imaginary eukaryotic structural gene containing two exons. The exon nucleotides are numbered beginning at the transcription start site and a portion of the intron is not shown to save space: Help Center? transcription start site promoter U STACAGTATAAATGAATTAATTGACGTATGTCAATCGGTAAGT...TCAGGTACT U UUU} Phe UUG} Leu exon 1 3 ATGTCATATTTACTTAATTAACTGCATACAGTTAGCCATTCA...AGTCCATGAATGACTTATGTGCGGTTATTTACTGAT... Second letter C Predict the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this structural gene. The genetic code is provided below.Describe the significance of a 5 cap poly A tail on the mature mRNAGiven the following genomic sequence which contains 2 exons and CDNA sequence predidt the amino acid sequence of the exons which are part of the coding region of a protein. How many nucleotides make up the intron? Second letter UAU TV UACJ UAA Stop|UGA Stop A UAG Stop UG Trp UUU1 Phe UUCJ UGU1, UGCJ UCU) Cys UCC Ser UCA ULA UCG CUUT CUC CUA CUG CCU CAUT C4C His CAAT CAGJ OGU CCC Leu CA CGC FArg CGA Gln CGG Pro CCG AUU AUC lle AUA ACU AGU AAU AACJ AAA 1 AAGYS Asn Ser ACC Thr ACA AGC. AGA Arg AUG Mer ACG, AGG GCU GAUT GACJ GGU GGC GUU Asp GUC Val GUA Gly Ala GAA Glu GAGJ GGA GGG GUG GCG G. Genomic antisense sequence: 5'-TAACTGATTCTAGGCTACTCTTTCACCTAA-3" CDNA sequence: 5'-TAACTGATTTCTTTCACCTAA-3" I Use the editor to format your answer First letter 皇 Third letter