Consider a situation where a mitochondrion contained a defective complex III that resulted in only half of the normal protons to be pumped for each CoQH₂ that was oxidized. Considering the entire electron transport chain, in this particular case, protons 8 would be pumped for each NADH oxidized by oxygen and 4 would be pumped for each FADH2 oxidized by oxygen. + protons
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- pH and in the Chloroplast Proton-Motive Force (Integrates with Chapter 20.) In mitochondria, the membrane potential () contributes relatively more to p (proton-motive force) than does the pH gradient (pH). The reverse is true in chloroplasts. Why do you suppose that the proton-motive force in chloroplasts can depend more on pH than mitochondria can? Why is () less in chloroplasts than in mitochondria?complex 4 cytochrome C oxidase COxidation of one molecule of NADH by the ETC result in transport of 10 protons across the membrane. The c-ring of the ATP synthase in your experimental system contains 12 c subunits. Based on the "binding-change" mechanism of ATP synthesis, how many ATP molecules would be produced from one NADH molecule? n Name the processes that generate NADH during aerobic respiration. For each process, indicate theIf actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?
- Sonicating a suspension of mitochondria produces submitochondrial particles derived from the innermitochondrial membrane. These membranous vesicles seal inside out, so that the intermembrane space of themitochondria becomes the lumen of the submitochondrial particle. Explain (or diagram) the process of electrontransfer and oxidative phosphorylation in these particles. Assuming all the substrates for oxidativephosphorylation are present in excess, does ATP synthesis increase or decrease with an increase in the pH ofthe fluid in which the submitochondrial particles are suspended? Why?Using a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membraneBased on the image below select the correct statements Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial membrane NADH NAD+ Proton pump ATP synthase ADP + P₁ verifier-SGorLXZ61a39Ecjya7yr5Yf3404XUmXKRi3wHy13 ATP Mitochondrial matrix https://canvas.uts.edu.au/assessment questions/356921/files/1562662/download?
- The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cell. 2. The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. How many protons are taken up from the matrix and transferred or used at each ETC complex?Two biochemistry students are about to usemitochondria isolated from rat liver for an experiment on oxidative phosphorylation. The directions for the experiment specifyaddition of purified cytochrome c from any source to the reactionmixture. Why is the added cytochrome c needed? Why does thesource not have to be the same as that of the mitochondria?Propose that you have discovered a new ATP synthase from the mitochondrion of an organism onthe planet X. You found that the mitochondrion from this newly discovered organism has exactly thesame electron transport chain as human beings. In addition, this newly discovered ATP synthase hassimilar subunit composition and arrangements as human beings, excepting that such newlydiscovered ATP synthase contain 6 c-subunits. Theoretically, the P/O ratio for the oxidation of FADH2 to water in this organism is: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 None of the above Need more information Which statement is NOT true about the transport of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneon its way to the cytosol? The transport causes the loss of a net charge of -1 in the matrix. It is accomplished by adenine nucleotide translocase. The same enzyme that transports ATP also transport ADP in the opposite direction. It is complexed with Mg2+ to reduce the draw on the electrical part of the protonmotive force.
- Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized elsewhere. What organelle, besides the mitochondrion, can oxidize fatty acids? What is the fundamental difference between oxidation oc- curring in this organelle and mitochondrial oxidation?Imagine that you are working with isolated mitochondria and you manage to double the ratio of protons outside to protons inside. In order to maintain the overall Gat its original value (whatever it is), how would you have to change the mitochondria membrane potential?For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide enough free energy for the synthesis of 1 mol of ATP (assuming standard biochemical conditions)?