Consider the orginal IS-curve. Suppose demand in the U.S. for imports from Japan increases. This leads to what? Select all the correct statements. (a) Lower short-run output in the U.S.. (b) A downward shift in the IS-curve in Japan. (c) A positive aggregate demand shock in Japan. (d) An upward shift in the IS-curve in the U.S.. (e) A movement along the IS-curve in Japan.
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- “The oil Price run-up of 2007-08 was caused by strong demand confronting stagnating world production. Although the causes were different, the consequences for the economy appear to have been very similar to those observed in earlier episodes, with significant effects on overall consumption spending and purchases of domestic automobiles in particular. The experience of 2007-08 should thus be added to the list of recessions to which oil prices appear to have made a material contribution.” a) Oil price shocks have an evident impact on the short run aggregate supply curve. With the help of a graph demonstrate how rising oil prices affect the SRAS and explain what other factors can cause this shift. b) Different theories attempted to explain why SRAS curves slope upwards. Identify and explain these theories explaining what they have in common.(1) Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp increase in the expected price level, what do we expect to happen? Select one: (A) In the short run, the SRAS curve will shift left, real GDP and price will fall. (B) In the short run, SRAS will shift right, real GDP will rise and prices will fall. (C) In the short run, AD will shift left, real GDP and prices will fall. (D) In the short run, LRAS and SRAS will shift left, causing real GDP to fall.Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is causing energy prices to soar in the euro area (at an annual rate of 39% according to the Economist, June 2022). (1.a) What kind of economic shock is this for the euro area (AD or AS; positive or negative)? Use the AD/AS model to predict the effects of this shock on euro area output, prices, employment, and unemployment. Does it matter whether the shock is permanent or temporary? How must fiscal policy respond if the government’s target is price stability? How will this policy change your answer about prices, employment, and unemployment? Include the AD/AS grap
- Suppose the economy of the hypothetical country “X” is currently in equilibrium at point A on thegraph. There were two major shocks to the economy in 2020.First shock was related to oil prices; the other was related to consumer confidence about futurebusiness conditions. Oil Shock: The economy X faced a rise in the average price of oil along with the rise of world price ofoil.E) Would an increase in oil prices cause a demand shock or a supply shock? Redraw the diagram toillustrate the effect of this shock by shifting the appropriate curve. What happens to theAggregate output and price level after the shock? (3)F) If policymakers wish to prevent the equilibrium output from changing in response to the oilprice increase, should they use contractionary or expansionary fiscal policy? (Redraw the graphfrom part E and show the change) (4)G) Even if the economy moves back to original Aggregate output, will there be any drawback? (1)Consumer Confidence Index: The Consumer Confidence Index…Which circumstance would contribute to a relatively flat slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve?(a) An increase in investment spending on residential construction causes an increase in wages for skilled carpenters.(b) An increase in foreign tourists coming to the United States causes an increase in prices of lodging at resort destinations.(c) A high number of vacancies in a shopping mall allows retail tenants to take on larger spaces with no increase in rent.(d) An increase in consumption spending on home furnishings allows furniture stores to reduce the number of promotional discounts offered.Macroland is recognized as a high-income economy by the World Bank. The country of Macroland is now in a recession. Using a correctly labeled graph of the long run aggregate supply, short run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand curves and show each of the following: Current price level, labeled PL1 Current output, labelled Y1 Assume that Braveland, a major trading partner of Macroland, enters into a recession. Explain the effect on Macroland exports to Braveland On your graph in part (a) above, show the effect of the change identified in part (b) (i) above on real output in Macroland. How would this change in real output in Macroland affect unemployment in Macroland? Assume the recession in Braveland causes a decrease in the demand for Macroland dollars in the foreign exchange market. Braveland’s currency is the euro. Explain whether the euro will appreciate, depreciate, or remain…
- Macroland is recognized as a high-income economy by the World Bank. The country of Macroland is now in a recession. Using a correctly labeled graph of the long run aggregate supply, short run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand curves and show each of the following: Current price level, labeled PL1 Current output, labelled Y1 Assume that Braveland, a major trading partner of Macroland, enters into a recession. Explain the effect on Macroland exports to Braveland On your graph in part (a) above, show the effect of the change identified in part (b) (i) above on real output in Macroland. How would this change in real output in Macroland affect unemployment in Macroland? Assume the recession in Braveland causes a decrease in the demand for Macroland dollars in the foreign exchange market. Braveland’s currency is the euro. Explain whether the euro will appreciate, depreciate, or remain…Macroland is recognized as a high-income economy by the World Bank. The country of Macroland is now in a recession. Using a correctly labeled graph of the long run aggregate supply, short run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand curves and show each of the following: Current price level, labeled PL1 Current output, labelled Y1 Assume that Braveland, a major trading partner of Macroland, enters into a recession. Explain the effect on Macroland exports to Braveland On your graph in part (a) above, show the effect of the change identified in part (b) (i) above on real output in Macroland. How would this change in real output in Macroland affect unemployment in Macroland? Assume the recession in Braveland causes a decrease in the demand for Macroland dollars in the foreign exchange market. Braveland’s currency is the euro. Explain whether the euro will appreciate, depreciate, or remain…IS-MP and short-run output fluctuations: In the short-rum model, consider a domestic increase in demand for foreign goods. In particular, suppose that domestic residents experience a large increase in their taste for foreign-made products leading to an increase their demand for breign products. Using the standard IS/MP framework (recall, the MP curve is a horizontal line delineating where R lies across the IS curve), explain the macroeconomic comequences of the shock. If you were in charge of the Fed, how would you respond to stabilize short-run output?
- Use the AE model to explain and show the impact of an autonomous fall in the value of goods exported to China by Australia. (You can assume the fall is constant across all levels of real GDP). Be sure to discuss in detail, the process by which this fall is transmitted through the economy. Now after this fall in exports is worked through, explain and show the impact of an autonomous fall (of lesser magnitude than for exports) in the value of goods imported by Australia from China. (You can assume, as before, that the size of the fall is constant across all levels of real GDP). Again, be sure to discuss in detail, the process by which this fall is transmitted through the economy.1. Macroland is recognized as a high-income economy by the World Bank. The country of Macroland is now in a recession. a. Using a correctly labeled graph of the long run aggregate supply, short run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand curves and show each of the following: i. Current price level, labeled PL1 ii. Current output, labelled Y1 b. Assume that Braveland, a major trading partner of Macroland, enters into a recession. i. Explain the effect on Macroland exports to Braveland ii. On your graph in part (a) above, show the effect of the change identified in part (b) (i) above on real output in Macroland. iii. How would this change in real output in Macroland affect unemployment in Macroland? c. Assume the recession in Braveland causes a decrease in the demand for Macroland dollars in the foreign exchange market. Braveland’s currency is the euro. i. Explain whether the euro will appreciate, depreciate, or remain unchanged against the dollar.ii. Draw a correctly labeled graph of…3. Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve in a hypothetical economy. At point A, the price level is 120, and the quantity of output demanded is $500 billion. Moving up along the aggregate demand curve from point A to point B, the price level rises to 140, and the quantity of output demanded falls to $300 billion. 170 180 150 B 140 130 A 120 110 AD 100 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) PRICE LEVEL