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Describe the two most important public health measures that can be put in place to prevent a cholera outbreak.
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- Cholera is spread by contaminated water. List 3 steps you can take to stop this disease from spreading (clearly draw the water borne disease cycle and identify the points of intervention)?Name the most important control measure for preventing person-to-person transmission of a disease.Explain what the plague (aka Black Death) is and what public health strategies were implemented to address?
- Below are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)Respond to the following questions and provide a rationale for your answer A) can infectious diseases be non-communicable? In your own word justify your answer B) can communicable diseases be non-infectious? In your own word justify your answer C) why are primary prevention measures more complex for chronic diseases such as heart disease or cancer than for infectious acute conditions like cholera or Lyme disease?Which of the following describes a primary prevention approach? A) Vaccination of children, adults and the elderly B) Nutritional and food supplementation C) Dental hygiene education and oral health services D) All of the above
- Assuming you have been posted to a community where malaria is very endemic. There is a high rate of absenteeism among your students due to incidents of malaria. As part of your community engagement explain how you would educate on malaria prevention taking the following into consideration:a) Name of the vector and the species of the parasite that cause the diseases in Africa; b) Two chemical and two biological ways of reducing the population of mosquitoes; c) Two in-house measures to prevent mosquitoes bite;d) The stages in the life cycle of the mosquito;e) The names of three African countries that participated in the trial of malarial vaccine.Identify the following scenarios as either endemic, epidemic, or pandemic disease or classify descriptions as either primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention. Physical therapy for stroke patients Exercise to prevent obesity In 2009, the H1N1 strain of the flu spread to several countries Annual lung cancer screening among older adults who are long-term smokers Unvaccinated travelers to Mexico are at risk of contracting hepatitis A because of the regular presence of this disease in the area. A. Endemic B. Epidemic C. Pandemic D. Primary prevention E. Secondary prevention F. Tertiary preventionOn the list of controlled diseases in South Africa (Animal Disease Act): In a table format give the motivation why they have been considered as controlled diseases, location of prevalence in South Africa, using the OIE and other publications and also the regulations in South Africa: 1. what are the individual actions that a) an Animal Health Technician, b) State Veterinarian c) Private Veterinarian d) the state or DAFF can play during the control (prevention and during outbreak) for each diseases
- If a disease X has a duration of 15 years and a low incidence (5 per 100,000 person-years). If another disease Y has a duration of 5 years and a low and low incidence (5 per 100,000 person years). If we compare disease X and Disease Y in the same population, we would expect: a) Better cure b) lower prevalence c) higher prevalence d) Higher incidence e) shorter durationIn the early 1900s, cities such as Philadelphia reduced the incidence of typhoid fever by: Question 1 options: A) isolating human carriers. B) using tertiary water treatment systems. C) filtering municipal drinking water through sand-bed filters. D) requiring residents to boil drinking water.The purpose of an analytical study is toa) identify the person, place, and time of an outbreak.b) identify risk factors that result in high frequencies of disease.c) assess the effectiveness of preventive measures.d) determine the effectiveness of a placebo.e) None of the above