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- Gastric juice is made up of substances secreted from parietal cells, chief cells, and mucous‑secreting cells. The cells secrete HClHCl, proteolytic enzyme zymogens, mucin, and intrinsic factor. The pH of gastric juice is acidic, between 1–3. If the pHpH of gastric juice is 1.3, what is the amount of energy (Δ?)(ΔG) required for the transport of hydrogen ions from a cell (internal pH of 7.4) into the stomach lumen? Assume that the potential difference across the membrane separating the cell and the interior of the stomach is −60.0 mV−60.0 mV (inside of the cell is negative relative to the lumen of the stomach). Assume that the temperature is 37 °C. The Faraday constant is 96.5 kJ/(V⋅mol)96.5 kJ/(V⋅mol) and the gas constant is 8.314×10−3 kJ/(mol⋅K)8.314×10−3 kJ/(mol⋅K). Express your answer in kilojoules per mole.Explain the role of bile salts and lecithin in the emulsification of lipids (fats).Gastric juice normally has a pH of 2. Given this, what happens to the activity of salivary amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme in saliva, when it arrives in the stomach?
- 5.2. About lipid metabolism, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_advanced a) During prolonged starvation, the fatty acids can be converted into ketone bodies in the liver. b) Fat in adipose tissue is hydrolyzed to give glycerol and fatty acids during fasting or during exercise. c) Lipids are water-soluble bio-molecules but insoluble in organic solvents. d) Triacylglycerols (TAG) are lipids that can be used to produce energy under the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in humans. e) The major pathway for beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane.27, Which of the following statements about fatty acids absorption is TRUE? Multiple Choice Fatty acids are exported packaged into protein complexes and absorbed into lymph Fatty acids are released as lipidic vesicles called micelles into the bloodstream Fatty acids are packaged in the intestinal lumen in protein complexes called chylomicrons Fatty acids-bile salts complexes diffuse freely through the basolateral surface of intestinal cell membraneActivity of Salivary Amylase: 1. Is there a difference in the time to dissolve the small and larger biscuit/cracker? Explain. 2. Explain your observations with the banana and egg.
- The structural formula of which vitamin is shown. Write the main functions of this vitamin, what enzymes or what chemical reactions it catalyzes? What are the main foods that contain this vitamin, or describe how this vitamin is being synthetized in a body? Associated diseases. 1. 2. HC- 3. CH, CH-CH-CH-CH.)M CH CH, HO CH, CH,Provide 5 differences of HDL and LDL and explain each biochemically.None of the RBe 18. Where is the energy stored in ADP? Between the first and second phosphate bond b) a) Between the second and third phosphate bond Between the adenine and phosphate bond d) c) There is no eergy stored in ADP 19. True or False: Any molecule can bind to any enzyme. 20. True or False: Carbohydrates are stored in our body (humans) as starch. 21.True or False: The nucleus is a membrane bound organelle. 22.Phospholipids are a) lydrophobic only byHydrophilic only (c) Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic d) None of the above
- Matching :1. MDR protein Part of NAD molecule ______ 2. SGLT Part of FAD molecule _____ 3. Grb-2 Raises intestinal pH _______ 4. Cholecystokinin Oxidizes C-C bonds ___________ 5. Chylomicron Has higher phosphoryl transfer potential than ATP __ 6. Secretin An ABC transporter ______ 7. Niacin Sodium-glucose symporter ______ 8. Flavin Lipoprotein complex ______ 9. FAD Found in EGF pathway _____ Phosphoenolpyruvate Signals release of digestive enzymesMatching Type Each color represents a bile pigment. Choose one based on the description given. * A D E A B from the oxidation of bilirubin gives yellow color of urine product from bilirubin reduction from reduced urobilinogen in the intestine end product of the breakdown of heme BDigestion of Fats Test Sample Observations Corn oil + water Corn oil + water + sodium choleate solution B1. Identify the substrate(s), enzyme(s) and hydrolysis products in the digestion of fats. Represent your answer using a general chemical equation. B2. What is the function of bile salts in digestion? What organ produces bile salts? B3. What products of fat hydrolysis would cause a change in pH of the whole corn oil sample? Explain your answer.