Exercise 4. Let D be a digraph. 1. Suppose that 8+ (D) ≤ 1 and let C be a cycle in D. Show that C is a directed cycle. 2. Let D be a digraph such that 8+ (D) ≥ 1. Let P be a directed path in D from a vertex x to a vertex y such that P is of maximum length. (a) Show that any out neighbor of y is on P. (b) Show that D contains a directed cycle. 3. Suppose that D is a strong digraph. Prove that 8+ (D) ≥ 1 and 8(D) ≥ 1.
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