Question 13 0/1.5 points Consider the two-period model. Consumer's have preferences over current and future consumption (c and c). Households only receive income in the second period, y! That is, income in the first period is equal to zero, y=0. Households can save, s, for the second period and receive interest rate r. The slope of the budget constraint is -(1+r). As such, an increase in r would increase the slope in (c,c') space (the standard graph). The government implements a proportional income tax, O
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- APPLIED ECONOMICS Topic: Intertemporal Choice Levinn’s utility function is expressed as the following: U= C1 C2 0.3 where C1 is his first periodconsumption and C2 is his second period consumption. His income in the first period is$2500 and interest rate is at 10%. If at equilibrium, Levinn is neither a borrower nor a lender,then what is his expected income in the second period? Do not copy from others“Permanent Income of consumption is just the average of all current and future incomes. Thus, one does not need to do the maximisation of intertemporal utility”. True or False. Discuss according to the model. Note that you need to discuss according to the model?APPLIED ECONOMICS Topic: Intertemporal Choice Levinn’s utility function is expressed as the following: U= C1 C2 0.3 where C1 is his first periodconsumption and C2 is his second period consumption. His income in the first period is$2500 and interest rate is at 10%. If at equilibrium, Levinn is neither a borrower nor a lender,then what is his expected income in the second period? Show the graph if possible
- 3. Analytic Question on Durable Consumption It is known that durable consumption is more sensitive to interest rates and expected income. In this question, we investigate if this is the case in the context of the model we have been studying. We investigate the following decision: U (c1, c2) 1 max {c1,c2} 2 VCi + xo + subject to the following budget constraints: The time 1 budget constraint: a = Y1 - Ci and the time 2 budget constraint: C2 = Y2 + (1 +r) a. The novelty is that ro is now a variable to represents past purchases of goods 1. You can think of this as a car. In turn, we have that x1 = c1 so a1 is consumption derived utility in period 2 derived from past purchases. For this question assume that B (1+ r) = 1. Answer the following questions. а. Substitute out a from both budget constraints, the one at time 1 and time 2, to write a single intertemporal budget constraint. b. Show that the Euler equation (the equation that relates the marginal utility of consumption to the interest…Suppose that a person can borrow and lend at an interest rate of 10 percent. But there is a 5% rate of inflation and one has to pay an income tax of 30 % on all interest income. If you borrow money, you can deduct interest as an expense. Where current consumption is on the horizontal axis and future consumption is on the vertical axis: (a) the budget line will have a kink at the point of no saving or lending. (b) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1: 02. (c) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:05. (d) the budget line will be a straight line with a slope of about 1:35.A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t) is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future. Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?
- QUESTION 1An individual lives for two periods and decides how much to consume in each period.- In the first period his consumption equals C1 and his income Y1 = 200- In the second period his consumption equals C2 and his income Y2 = 100He can save or borrow money in the first period to finance his consumption in the second period.The interest rate he gets in case he saves or has to pay in case he borrows money equals 7%.Determine the budget constraint of this individual. C2 = −0.935·C1 +314C2 =−1.07·C1 +314C2 =−0.8·C1 +314C2 =−1.08·C1 +314 QUESTION 2The total production of a good y is determined by the production function y = 3L2/3K1/3, where L is labour input and K capital input.The reward (factor prices) for labour and capital are, l = 27 en r = 2, respectively.The producer needs to produce 9000 units of good y.How much units of labour will he hire if he wants to miminize his total costs? 1587,4839,953000515,23 QUESTION 3A good is traded on a perfectly competitive…Consider a two-period consumption saving model and let f1 and f2 denote the first and secondperiod consumption, respectively. Assume that the interest rate at which the consumer may lend or borrowis 10%. Suppose that a consumer’s utility function is x (f1> f2) = f1 + 20√f2= The consumer first periodincome is L1 = $100 and the present value of her income stream is $330=(a) What is the optimal consumption stream (consumption bundle) of this consumer?(b) Is this consumer borrower or lender? How much does she borrow or lend?(c) What is the effect of a reduction of the interest rate to 5% on the consumer’s optimal first-periodsaving? (Make sure to take into account the effect of the decline in the interest rate on the present value ofthe consumer’s income stream.)Question 2: Consider a consumer who lives for two periods. The consumer's current- period income is y, future-period income is y' and y> y'. The consumer considers the current- period consumption (c) and future-period consumption (c') to be perfect complements. The consumer also likes to perfectly smooth consumption over time, i.e. c = c'. The consumer faces a borrowing rate (r) that is higher than the lending rate (r). There is no limits on borrowing or lending. 1. Draw a diagram with c on horizontal axis and c' on vertical axis. Draw the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Show the equilibrium. Is the consumer a borrower on a lender? Briefly explain. 2. The government introduces fully-funded social security. The consumer is required to contribute t to the consumer's social security account with the government. The gov- ernment promises to pay b in benefits in the next period, where b = t(1+r). The size of the social security contributions is such that y − tYou are an economic advisor to the government. Discuss your opinion . a) How COVID-19 pandemic will affect the consumption behavior as well as the investment done by the firms and household for the next two years? b) What are the actions or policies that the government can implement to face this situation? please answers with analysis and --graph (if possible)Households' consumption function is: C=100+0.7Y Households are more pessimistic about the future and they decide to reduce their consumption by 10 units. What is the intercept of the consumption function now? Type your numeric answer and submitAssume an intertemporal budget constraint that shows how consumption can be traded off between two periods, t and t+1. Assume the consumer can save and borrow at the same interest rate of 10%. Assume the consumer collects income of $100 in each period. To gain an extra $10 dollars in period t+1, what must the consumer give up in period t?SEE MORE QUESTIONS