What are ways in which cells can regenerate cytosolic NAD+? Conversion of Lactate to Pyruvate (catalyzed by LDH) The ETC chain The TCA cycle Conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate (catalyzed by LDH)
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- Which of the following enzymes catalyze a reaction that is normally reversible in the cell? O triose phosphate isomerase O pyruvate kinase O phosphofructokinase 1 O hexokinaseIn the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of seven molecules of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, by a yeast cell, would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 3 ATP and FADH2 = 2 ATP)Of eight enzymes in the CAC, why is the succinate dehydrogenase complex unique? Because it is a component of the electron transport chain Because it catalyzes an oxidative reaction Because it is an integral membrane protein All of the above Only A and C
- A more recent role of E2 within the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex involves localization to the nucleus to act in which of the following? Signal transduction Block electron transport Enhanced levels of ATP biosynthesis Aid in apoptosis Enhanced proton motive forceThe following step takes place in the Krebs cycle (actually it's two steps but we will assume it is one). CO: NAD* NADH a ketoglutarate Succinate Н.О GDP GTP АТР ADP Fully explain the events taking place in this step. Be sure to use proper scientific terminology when describing the event. You may use a point form list.The Citric Acid Cycle results in (Choose all that apply) net oxidation of acetyl CoA carbons to two CO2 O three NAD to NADH reductions involving 6 electrons one FADH2 to FAD oxidation involving 2 electrons three NADH to NAD oxidations involving 6 electrons O one FAD to FADH, reduction involving 2 electrons O a substrate level phosphorylation
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Assuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of three molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)What is the effect of a defective a(1→ 4) phosphatase in Pompe's disease (GSD II)? O Accumulation of abnormal, unbranched glycogen, leading to heart or liver failure and short fife expectancy O Glycogen accumulation in heart, leading to heart failure, muscle weakness, short life expectancy O Absence of UDP-glucose conversion to glycogen, leading to lack of muscle glycogen, exercise intolerance Glycogen accumulation due to lack of glucose-6-phosphate conversion to glucose, leading to liver enlargement, hypoglycemia, short life expectancy O Lack of complete degradation of glycogen to glucose. leading to mild hypoglycemia, enlarged liver and muscle weakness Submit Request Answer
- Medical researchers are studying a patient with the newly discovered u LEKS metabolic syndrome, in which a genetic mutaton prevents NADH produced in the cytosol from being reoxidized by the electron transport chain. Suppose the following nutrient molecule is digested and metabolized by this patient under anaerobic conditions, e.g. during a sudden intense exertion: de HO-CH: -OH Он н. HO H OH How many ATP molecules will uttimately be produced by the catabolism of this molecule? Note: you can ussume the catabohism is as complete as it can be under the conditions given above. How many molecules of pyruvate will be produced during dycalysist How many maleoules of lactate will be producedEach acetyl CoA that enters in the citric acid cycle, 2 carbon dioxide molecules are released in reactions which are coupled with the production of NADH molecules from reduction of NAD+ molecules and FADH2 is alse released by reduction of FAD+. NADH and FADH2, pass their electrons to the electron transport chain, turning back into NAD+ and FAD+ Explain furtherGlucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis, yielding a netsynthesis of 2 ATP. In certain cells pyruvate can be reconverted to glucose during gluconeogenesis. How many ATPsare required to convert pyruvate back to glucose?