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- A series of auxotrophic mutants were isolated in Neurospora. Examination of fungi containing these mutations revealed that they grew on minimal medium to which various compounds (A, B, C, D) were added; growth responses to each of the four compounds are presented in the following table. Give the order of compounds A, B, C, and D in a biochemical pathway. Outline a biochemical pathway that includes these four compounds and indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. Compound Mutation number А в С A D 134 276 987 773 772 146 333 123 + + I +Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic Indole glycerol acid Indole Tryptoph phosphate trp-1 trp-2 trp-3 trp-4 trp-6 trp-7 trp-8 trp-9 trp-10 trp-11 - Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. + 1 + 1 IIDifferential centrifugation can be improved through the use of a density gradient. What is the purpose of this, and how does it work?
- OO HUAWEI Nova 2 Plus DUAL CAMERA Is a short DNA molecule that is used to detect the presence or absence of any gene into a host cell chromosome by hybridization Answer: In the process of microbial production of Indigo, which of the following step is critical to converting indoxyl to indigo dye? Select one: O a. Spontaneous dehydration O b. Naphthalene dioxygenase C. Tryptophanase O d. Air oxidation 80 Match between the related words.Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.The synthesis of arginine by Nuerospora was determined by examining a number of mutant strains that were unable to synthesize the compound. Use the table of bacterial growth below to 1) determine the correct sequence of the synthesis pathway and 2) where in the synthesis pathway each mutation interrupts the synthesis. A “+" indicates growth. Nothing added to Succinate Ornithine added Strain Cirtulline Arginine Added added added growth medium Wild Mutant 1 Mutant 2 Mutant 3 Mutant 4
- Consider the desired phenotype pattern of candidates that we wish to advance into experiments in Week 5 and beyond. If the growth patterns illustrated below are observed in your Week 4 results, which of the candidates would you select for further analysis? Select all that apply. Candidate A B A B C с = vigorous growth on this medium = impaired/slow growth on this medium = no growth on this medium SC-H B SC-K A B YP GalA 3.0 L batch bioreactor is used to grow E. coli bacteria, which have an initial concentration of 12.5 g cells/L. The growth medium contains two carbon sources, which causes diauxic growth, with each carbon source limiting cell growth. Sufficient supplies of oxygen, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a nitrogen source and all other macro and micronutrients are available. The bacteria prefer to grow on glucose (C6H12O6, supplied at 80 g/L), so it is consumed first, followed by glycerol (C3H803, supplied at 68 g/L). Since the E. coli were already growing on glucose, the lag time associated with glucose consumption is only 10 minutes. The lag time associated with glycerol consumption is 35 minutes. Further information: The chemical formula for E. coli in this bioreactor is CH1.666N0.2000.57. The specific growth rate on glucose is 0.41 h-1, and on glycerol is 0.32 h-1?The yield of cells on glucose is 0.48 g cells/g glucose, and yield on glycerol is 0.39 g cells/g glycerol. You may assume that…A 3.0 L batch bioreactor is used to grow E. coli bacteria, which have an initial concentration of 12.5 g cells/L. The growth medium contains two carbon sources, which causes diauxic growth, with each carbon source limiting cell growth. Sufficient supplies of oxygen, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as a nitrogen source and all other macro and micronutrients are available. The bacteria prefer to grow on glucose (C6H12O6, supplied at 80 g/L), so it is consumed first, followed by glycerol (C3H8O3, supplied at 68 g/L). Since the E. coli were already growing on glucose, the lag time associated with glucose consumption is only 10 minutes. The lag time associated with glycerol consumption is 35 minutes. Further information: The chemical formula for E. coli in this bioreactor is CH1.666N0.20O0.57. The specific growth rate on glucose is 0.41 h-1 , and on glycerol is 0.32 h-1 . The yield of cells on glucose is 0.48 g cells/g glucose, and yield on glycerol is 0.39 g cells/g glycerol. You may assume that…
- You are studying a biochemical pathway and isolate Neurospora mutants I, II, and III.Mutant I can grow if you supplement the medium with Z.Mutant II can grow if you supplement the medium with X, Y, or Z.Mutant III can grow if you supplement the medium with X and Z, but not with Y. Draw a biochemical pathway that shows the correct order for compounds X, Y, and Z and for the enzymes that each mutant is defective for.For the study of alanine production by a recombinant strain of E. coli, cultivation was carried out in a benchtop bioreactor with 4.5 L of culture medium, using glucose as a limiting substrate. During the cultivation, there was no lag phase and the cells showed exponential growth for 5 hours. The following table presents the results of the analysis of ammonia and glucose consumption, and alanine accumulation throughout the cultivation. Knowing that 500 mL of a cell suspension at a concentration of 5.0 g/L (inoculum) was added to the 4.5 L of medium in the reactor and that the YX/NH3 previously determined was 7.5, calculate:a) the maximum specific growth rateb) YX/S and YP/S yield factorsc) How long would it take to reach Cx = 30 g/L if the cells continued with the exponential growth profile until the end of the culture (without nutrient deprivation or any type of inhibition)?d) Describe how the mathematical treatment of the data should be done to determine the type of product formation…What are the potential applications for microalgae and how can they be grown for biofuel? What are the different system processes that are required and their advantages and disadvantages? . Explain how a raceway would be used to grow microalgae. What are the commercial bottlenecks. What are the typical growth rates and what are the requirements for microalgal growth and implications for CO2 sequestration using microalgae (1.8 kg of CO2 per produces 1 kg of microalgae)?