Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19.8, Problem 12P
Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally E1 reactions. Why is the acid-catalyzed dehydration in the second reaction of the citric acid cycle an E2 reaction?
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Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally E1 reactions. Why is the acid-catalyzed dehydration in the second reaction of the citric acid cycle an E2 reaction?
Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs
in this step?
CO₂
1
CH
||
CH
+ H₂O
CO₂
fumarate
CO₂™
fumarase HO C-H
CH₂
CO₂
malate
A)
Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided
by the enzyme fumarase.
B) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase.
C) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase.
D) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase.
There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1PCh. 19.4 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 19.4 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4PCh. 19.5 - Prob. 5PCh. 19.5 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 8PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 9PCh. 19.6 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...
Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 19.8 - Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions are normally...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 19.8 - Prob. 14PCh. 19.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 19.9 - Prob. 16PCh. 19.10 - a. What is the name of the enzyme that converts...Ch. 19.13 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - Prob. 19PCh. 19 - Prob. 20PCh. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Prob. 22PCh. 19 - Prob. 23PCh. 19 - Prob. 24PCh. 19 - Prob. 25PCh. 19 - Prob. 26PCh. 19 - Prob. 27PCh. 19 - Prob. 28PCh. 19 - Prob. 29PCh. 19 - Prob. 30PCh. 19 - Prob. 31PCh. 19 - Prob. 32PCh. 19 - Prob. 33PCh. 19 - Prob. 34PCh. 19 - Prob. 35PCh. 19 - Prob. 36PCh. 19 - Prob. 37PCh. 19 - Prob. 38PCh. 19 - Prob. 39PCh. 19 - Prob. 40PCh. 19 - Prob. 41PCh. 19 - Prob. 42PCh. 19 - Prob. 43PCh. 19 - Prob. 44PCh. 19 - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase converts UDP-galactose...Ch. 19 - A student is trying to determine the mechanism for...Ch. 19 - What would be the results of the experiment in...
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- Draw the products that form when the thioester CH3CH2CH2COSCoA is hydrolyzed with water. Differentiate products by greater or lesser molecular weight.arrow_forwardCholesterol-lowering drugs commonly target O HMG-COA synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate O pyruvate decarboxylase complex, which catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA O mevalonate, an isoprene O HMG-COAreductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis O HMG-CoA synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in cholesterol biosynthesisarrow_forwardPresent the 3-membered ring pathway for the following reactions. Cl2 Br CH3OHarrow_forward
- Kinetic versus thermodynamic. The reaction of NADH with oxygen to produce NAD+NAD* and H2OH2O is very exergonic, yet the reaction of NADH and oxygen takes place very slowly. Why does a thermodynamically favorable reaction not occur rapidly?arrow_forwardDraw Intermediate (CH3)2NH Deprotonation Drawingarrow_forwardH-C-U-o 27. The following is step 3 of the citric acid cycle. What is the functional transformation that occurs in the first part of this step? group COO COO NAD* NADH + H* CH2 CH2 0 H-C-C CH2 H-C-H H-C-COO- Но-с-н COO COO Isocitrate a-ketoglutarate A) A ketone and an alcohol change positions. C) The -COO is transformed. B) An alcohol becomes a ketone. D) The alcohol becomes an aldehyde. 28. The following is step 3 of the citric acid cycle. What is the identity of the Molecule represented by I? COO COO NAD* NADH + H* I COO CH2 CH2 0 H-C-C CH2 H-C-H H-C-COO- HO-C-H COO COO Isocitrate a-ketoglutarate A) Acetate B) GTP C) NADH D) FADH2 E) CO2arrow_forward
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