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| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07. |
| Medici, Cosimo III de’ |
| 1642–1723, grand duke of Tuscany (1670–1723); son and successor of Ferdinand II de’ Medici. During his long reign the government of Tuscany degenerated into bigoted and corrupt despotism. His son and successor, Gian Gastone de’ Medici, was the last of the family to rule Tuscany. |
| The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Copyright © 2007 Columbia University Press. |
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