| E. Cobham Brewer 1810–1897. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 1898. |
| | | Lion | | |
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(a public-house sign). | 1 |
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Black lion comes from the Flemings. | 2 |
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| “Au noir lyon la fleur-de-lis |
| Prist la terre de ca le Lys.” | |
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Blue, the badge of the Earl of Mortimer, also of Denmark. | 3 |
 Blue seems frequently to represent silver; thus we have the Blue Boar of Richard III., the Blue Lion of the Earl of Mortimer, the Blue Swan of Henry IV., the Blue Dragon, etc. | 4 |
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Crowned, the badge of Henry VIII. | 5 |
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Golden, the badge of Henry I., and also of Percy, Duke of Northumberland. | 6 |
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Passant gardant (walking and showing a full face), the device of England. | 7 |
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Rampant, the device of Scotland. | 8 |
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Rampant, with the tail between its legs and turned over its back, the badge of Edward IV. as Earl of March. | 9 |
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Red, of Scotland; also the badge of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who assumed this badge as a token of his claim to the throne of Castile. | 10 |
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Sleeping, the device of Richard I. | 11 |
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Statant gardant (i.e. standing and showing a full face), the device of the Duke of Norfolk. | 12 |
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White, the device of the Dukes of Norfolk; also of the Earl of Surrey, Earl of Mortimer, and the Fitz-Hammonds. | 13 |
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| “For who, in field or foray slack, |
| Saw the blanche lion e’er fall back? [Duke of Norfolk].” | |
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Sir Walter Scott: Lay of the Last Minstrel. |
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The winged lion. The republic of Venice. Its heraldic device. | 14 |
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White and Red Lions. Prester John, in a letter to Manuel Comnenus, of Constantinople, 1165, says his land is “the home of white and red lions.” | 15 |
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