ATH101 Discussions

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School

Southern New Hampshire University *

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Course

101

Subject

Anthropology

Date

Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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3

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DISCUSSION TWO Race is a powerful and contentious topic in today's society. How does anthropology, as a discipline, define race? Explain why it is difficult to use biological characteristics to categorize people into races. 1. Anthropologists define race in several ways. First, biological anthropology separates race concepts into two disciplines: scientific and cultural. Scientific concepts of race are related to characteristics that can be measured in populations (i.e. skull measurements). Culturally constructed race concepts are based in ideologies that were engrained into societies with scientific theories/typologies of humans. I believe that cultural race concepts are still a huge part of our world. I focus on deconstructing those ideals internally and that the more I think about it…the less I believe in the American ideal of race. I think it’s important that we look at humans as a broad group of people and that skin color is simply an expression of a range of melanin. I have no inclination through all my reading, traveling, and learning that race is anything more than a social design to keep people feeling lesser and weaker. It’s an excuse to separate, divide, and subjugate. DISCUSSION THREE After reading Chapters 6 and 10 in your textbook and reviewing all the required resources, imagine you have been invited to speak for three minutes about climate change at a local environmental rally. In your post, draft five points of speaking notes on how environmental changes affected human biological and/or cultural evolution during the Paleolithic and what that can tell us about how climate change might be impacting people today. Make sure that you include a point or two on why you believe climate change affected human evolution and/or cultural evolution or why you think it has not. 1. Hominins had to learn how to harvest different plants, utilize irrigation, and understand dams. These discoveries have led to a further understanding of agriculture thru time. 2. As agriculture became more widespread, communities would gather in tight-knit groups. Early humans could gather in groups as large as American suburbs. This led the way to the modern city structure. 3. The hunter-gatherer lifestyle shifted due to the space required to have success. As humans gathered in communities, there was less space for hunting. 4. Early humans grew to hunt in groups to increase effectiveness. These were early indications of a culture forming between individuals. 5. As time changed, early humans used plant and animal materials to mend clothing. This is an indication of further understanding of the element protection and cultural changes.
DISCUSSION FOUR In this module, you read about cultural relativism, the idea that people's actions, activities, and beliefs should be understood and explained in terms of their own culture. After reading this module's required resources, paying special attention to the information about cultural relativism, do you think that cultural relativism should always be applied without exception? For example, if a culture's activities breached human rights, do you think that cultural relativism still applies? Why or why not? I think it’s important to allow others to exist in context of their own culture. However, there are limitations to most things; cultural relativism is no exception. I don’t think it’s appropriate to allow rape, violence, and murder regardless of the cultural ideals and boundaries. I think it’s important to prioritize body autonomy because of the power that comes from it. Body autonomy allows for everyone to make their own choices and be the best version of themselves in society. I believe most other aspects of human life should be seen in the context of cultural relativism. DISCUSSION FIVE Think of the various types of marriage patterns that you have read about in this module. Do you feel that marriage will always exist as an institution? Be sure to bring in different cultures and to give specific examples in your answer. I think that marriage will probably exist as an institution for the foreseeable future. “Always” seems like a difficult statement. Marriage seems to be an institution to give structure to children, but also it’s a way to control women in Western culture. Cultures that practice plural marriage in any variety may increase their effectiveness. I believe in the “it takes a village” adage. This saying means that it takes everyone filling their mode adaptive role for the best success. It’s important in polygyny relationships that women have support from their husband’s other wives. All of this being said, the idea of marriage on a base level from the American perspective…is weird to me. Why am I swearing to God in front of our friends and family that I won’t back out of our arrangement? DISCUSSION SIX For this assignment, reflect on your reading from  Anthropology: Asking Questions About Human Origins, Diversity, and Culture:  Part IV, Chapters 15 (sections 1, 2, 4, and 5) and 17. In your initial post, choose one of these questions to answer: According to the reading, what are the key features of a ritual? Give an example of a ritual you are familiar with and describe whether or not you think it meets this definition of a ritual.
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