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A Biology
Unit 5 – Scientific Connections E5.02.1 Evolutionary Relationships Lab
Introduction
In this lab we will explore the scientific theory of evolution by recognizing and explaining ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to evolution by natural selection and diversity of organisms. Predators will act as agents of selection on the prey, a species whose members vary in color.
Learning Goals- After completing this assignment, students will:
identify different types of evolutionary adaptations
explain ways in which genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to evolution by natural selection and diversity
simulate the effects of natural selection and genetic variation under specific environmental conditions Return to Lesson L5.02 page 6 to access this lab. Use the information in this lesson to help you complete this assignment.
Test the theory of evolution by completing the natural selection lab. Be sure to complete the Natural Selection Lab Report. Be sure to view the rubric located on page 6 of this lesson before you begin.
As you complete each slide of the Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity, please fill in this lab report with the appropriate information and data.
Student Name: Camila Mendoza
Teacher Name: Mis. Brown
PURPOSE: List the purpose of the lab here: The purpose of this Natural Selection Lab is to identify different types of evolutionary adaptations, explain ways genetic variation and environmental factors contribute to evolution, and the effects of natural selection and genetic PROBLEM:
How does a population change as a result of natural selection?
The environment, and the survival rate in each generation, the survival rate of the white and brown rabbits based on the type of environment, the predator.
HYPOTHESES: List your predictions for the lab here: The rate of survival will rise for white rabbits in a light-colored environment while
the survival rate will lower for the brown rabbits, and the survival rate of the Brown rabbits will rise in a dark colored environment while the survival rate for the white rabbits will lower
MATERIALS:
The Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity
Natural Selection Lab Report (this document)
C
V
A Biology
Unit 5 – Scientific Connections E5.02.1 Evolutionary Relationships Lab
PROCEDURES: The procedures are listed in Natural Selection Virtual Lab Activity. You do not need to include them here.
DATA & OBSERVATIONS
: Table 1: Rabbits in the Light Colored Environment Generation Rate of Survival for White Rabbits
Rate of Survival for Brown Rabbits
1
57%
43%
2
68%
32%
3
78%
22%
4
88%
12%
5
99%
1%
Table 1: Rabbits in the Dark Colored Environment Generation Rate of Survival for White Rabbits
Rate of Survival for Brown Rabbits
1
35%
65%
2
26%
74%
3
10%
90%
4
4%
96%
5
3%
97%
Data Analysis Part 1:
In your data tables you recorded the percentage of the rate of survival for both the white and brown rabbit in both the light-colored and the dark-colored environments.
C
V
A Biology
Unit 5 – Scientific Connections E5.02.1 Evolutionary Relationships Lab
Data Analysis
Part 2:
Using your percentages in part 1, create a graph that represents the rate of survival for the white and brown rabbits in each type of environment
.
Conclusion:
Answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your lab report.
1.
Were your hypotheses correct or incorrect? Why or why not? It was correct because the percent of white bunny's was higher in the lighter environment and the brown bunny's was higher in the darker environment.
2.
Using Table 1, which color rabbit had the higher rate of survival in the light-colored (white) environment? Explain why this occurred. The white bunny's because their fur matched the environment better than the brown bunny's.
3.
Using Table 2, which color rabbit had the higher rate of survival in the dark-colored (brown) environment? Explain why this occurred. The brown bunny's because their fur matched the environment better the white bunny's.
Questions:
Using what you have learned from the lesson and the virtual lab activity, answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1.
How did the colors of each type of prey affect its population size over time? Depending on the color of the environment, the bunny with the fur color that matched it better would
have a better survival rate because it was their camouflage.
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Question 1
Natural selection occurs because of all of the following EXCEPT -
more organisms are produced than can survive.
the resources that organisms need are limited.
organisms in a population show variation.
some populations are related to others.
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© 2021 Accelerate Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms
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Q:need help with question
We looked at how the beliefs of the Theory of Special Creation were challenged by Descent with Modification. Even before Lamarck and Darwin proposed that species do change over time, what belief of the Theory of Special Creation had already been challenged?
Species do not change
Lineages do not split
Each species is separately created
Each species is independently created
Earth and life are young
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b. D
be
4. Using the 6 main points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, describe how and why bears evolved
2. Why does it take a long time for the bear to evolve to have the new traits?
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variation, adaptation, & speciation).
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2020
Online Discussion B.
Darwin's Theory
Warm-Up
Active
Developing the Theory of Evolution
WARM-UP
What was Charles Darwin's contribution to the theory of evolution?
O Charles Darwin was the first to express the belief that all living things are related.
Charles Darwin believed that organisms had a goal to adapt and did so through the inheritance of
acquired traits.
Charles Darwin introduced the idea that organisms better adapted to their environment would tend to
survive, reproduce, and increase in number.
Charles Darwin developed the theory of population growth.
DONE
O Intro
Activity
DII
96
2,
or
go
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WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a short essay(100–150 words), discuss Darwin’s view of how natural selectionresulted in both unity and diversity of life on Earth. Includein your discussion some of his evidence. (For help in writinggood essays, see “Writing Tips and Rubric” in the Study Area ofMasteringBiology under “Additional Resources.”)
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Part 2:
Investigation: Comparing the Ideas of Darwin and Lamarck
Pre-Lab questions
1. List two ideas proposed by Lamarck's theory of evolution.
2. List two ideas proposed by Darwin's theory of evolution.
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Quiz
10 pts
Evolution Quiz
1 Points
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Question 2
Which of the following statements summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural
selection?
A
The strongest and fastest organisms of a species survive and reproduce.
Organisms born with with beneficial adaptations pass these adaptations on to future
generations.
An organism changes its DNA to suit its environment, and then it passes those genes
along to offspring.
Animals teach their offspring how to survive their environment.
Al Changes Sav
ered
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POST QUIZ:
Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false.
1. As recently as 200 years ago, many people believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old
2. Artificial selection occurs when nature selects for beneficial traits.
3. The individual Galápagos Islands are all similar to each other.
4. Malthus argued that human populations grow faster than their resources.
5. Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose that species evolve by natural selectio
6. Lyell was one of the first to say that Earth must be far older than most people believed.
7. Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics is has become a widely accepted scien
heory.
8. Fossils proved to Darwin that species can evolve.
9. The term fitness to refer to an organism's ability to outrun its hunters.
10. Darwin published his findings soon after returning to England from the voyage of the Be
11. According to Darwin, natural selection is what occurs, and evolution is how it happens
12. During…
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Activity 4. Evolutionary Though Timeline
thought. Write only the concise key concepts involved in each box.
Directions: Complete the table below to summarize the history of evolutionary
What I Have Learned W
Pre-1800s Evolutionary thought of:
Carolus Linnaeus on nomenclature
and classification
1800s-1900
Thomas Malthus on Human Population
1800s-1900 (continuation)
Georges Cuvier on Extinction
James Hutton and Charles Lyell on
Uniformitarianism
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck on evolution
Charles Darwin on Natural Selection
arrow_forward
This module aims to help learners understanu
different pieces evidence of evolution and how to
evidence to infer the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
The teacher may connect the concepts underlying the patterns of
descent with modification to the lesson today by pointing out that
Darwin's theory of evolution is based from the inferences that he
had made after his 5-year journey aboard HMS Beagles.
Notes to the TeuU
us
What's New
On the left are the structural palms
organisms or species of
of different
primates.
Tarsiers are one of the small species
of primates commonly found at tropical
islands like Bohol in the Visayas Islands of
the Philippines. Gibbons are small apes
commonly found
in
the
forests
of
Southeast Asian countries, Chimpanzees
are few of the considered "smart" animals
and humans are believed to be the highest
form of "thinking organisms" on Earth.
One of the claims of the theory of Evolution
is these organisms evolved from the same
ancestor.
By looking at the…
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discuss 3 myths surrounding evolution and natural selection.
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Instruction: Explain your answer.
Scientific Thought:
"In evolutionary relationships using the evidences of evolution, the more closely related the
species are, the more similar their DNA sequences.
Provide concrete evidence through illustration to prove your answer. You may use other
ways to show your answer.
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n 12
12 of 25
Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories, including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil
record, homology, and biogeography. Sort the following examples into the correct categories.
Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin.
> View Available Hint(s)
Reset Help
same genetic code in
fireflies and tobacco plants
similarities in
mammalian forelimbs
development of drug
resistance in bacteria
discovery of transitional
forms of horses
similarity of endemic
island species to
nearby mainland species
vestigial pelvis in
right whales
discovery of shells
of extinct species
the high concentration of
marsupial species
in Australia
biogeography
direct observation of
evolutionary change
fossil record
homology
P Pearson
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Ⓒ Macmillan Learning
According to the biological species concept definition of a species, what characteristics do individuals belonging to the
same species share?
reproduce under natural conditions
morphological uniformity
produce viable offspring
occur in one geographic area
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3. If humans evolved from apes, then why are there still apes?
Additional readings:
https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-010-0293-2
https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&Ir=&id=DVEakAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&d
q=+lf+humans+evolved+from+apes,+then+why+are+there+still+apes%3F&ots=zJ4ym-
9JRX&sig=4qT8KHp23ZIHT5UHUn5wLfIPLOM&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=lf%20human
s%20evolved%20from%20apes%2C%20then%20why%20are%20there%20still%20apes%3
F&f=false
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Revise the passage
Darwin is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first presented in 1801 (Darwin's first book dealing with natural selection was published in 1859):Based on these observations and inferences, Darwin concluded that these traits, called adaptations were the product of evolution by Acquired Traits, these traits made the members of the population who had them equally fit for survival. an organism could also change during their lifetime in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. For example, darwin believed that if giraffes stretched their necks to reach food, Their offspring and later generations would inherit the resulting long necks.
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1a. Discuss the role of Gene Flow in evolution
1b. Explain how Natural Selection operates to bring
about evolutionary change
1c. Explain the attributes of the Biological Species that
ensure that different species do not interbreed.
Your essay including references must not exceed 3
pages
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Life Sciences/P2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Describe the process of speciation through geographic isolation.
The diagram below represents the evolution of the family Hominidae.
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
P
Copyright reserved
14
SC/NSC
Q
R
S
Orang-utan
163
Gorilla
Bonobo
Chimpanzee
Humani
DBE/2023
Name the type of diagram represented above.
Give the LETTER of the organism which:
(a) Is the common ancestor of all hominids.
(b) Shares the most recent common ancestor with the gorilla
Name TWO organisms that:
(a) Have S as a common ancestor
(b) Are quadrupedal
Describe THREE anatomical features of the skeleton of a
quadrupedal hominid.
Fossil evidence is used to support the 'Out-of-Africa' hypothesis.
3.5.1 State the 'Out-of-Africa' hypothesis.
3.5.2 Describe how fossil evidence is used to support the 'Out-of-Africa'
hypothesis.
TOTAL SECTION B:
GRAND TOTAL:
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1.) Which questions by a student would lead to a better understanding of the difference between the theories of Darwin and Lamarck?
Which scientist's theory came first?
Which scientist’s theory requires genetic diversity?
Which scientist’s theory involves the inheritance of useful traits?
Which scientist’s theory involves change in organisms over time?
Explain your choice.
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection states that there is a struggle to survive as organisms compete for resources and try to avoid predation. Over time, the organisms best adapted will survive and pass their traits on to offspring. Which of the following is the best explanation of the role mutations play in natural selection?
Mutations provide variation within a population and environmental pressures select for or against these adaptations.
Mutations are always harmful and organisms with mutations will be selected against, leaving those that are best adapted to pass their traits on to offspring.…
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MAKE SURE YOUR ANSWERS ARE WELL ORGANIZED AND COMPLETE:
DISTINGUISH THE Darwin's and Lamarck's theories on evolution in terms of MAIN IDEA, SUPPORTING EVIDENCE, and CRITICISMS.
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O Post-Reading Quiz: Ch.14: SP21 X
°, https://osu.instructure.com/courses/94618/quizzes/488542
90%
O Getting Started
A Other Bookmarks
Which of the following topics fall(s) under the category of "macroevolution"? SELECT
ALL THAT APPLY
the evolution of a new species
evolution of eyes
the evolutionary origin of amphibians
the diversification of mammals following a mass extinction event
9:01 PM
O Type here to search
w
3/18/2021
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Please identify the two fundamental insights about evolution made by Charles Darwin.
1 Artificial selection is analogous to natural selection.
2. All life on Earth shares a common ancestry.
3. On the Origin of Species was a work long in the making.
4. Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.
5. Complex structures are difficult to predict via Darwinian evolution.
6. Saltationism is the normal way that Darwinian evolution works.
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Thinking Critically
How is evolution by natural selection thought to work?
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please reflect on the three major subject areas
1. Evolution - including evolutionary processes, speciation, the fossil record, and phylogenetics.
2. Biodiversity - including the diversity of microbes, fungi, plants, and animals.
3. Ecology - including organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and conservation ecology.
For each of the subject areas, describe at least two ways that concepts involved with that subject area relate to aspects of everyday life, the medical field, or hobbies.
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Many misconceptions about evolution
• Evolution makes organisms perfect/better
• Evolution is heading to some ultimate goal
• One organisms turns into another organism in
a linear fashion
• A single organism can evolve
• Evolution is random
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Urgent please
Which of the following is not necessary to cause evolution by natural selection?
Phenotypic variation among individuals
Heritability of variable traits
Adaptations
Differences in survival and reproduction among individuals
All are necessary
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Directions: After learning about the basic concepts of the mechanisms of
evolution, complete the concept map below by supplying the correct terms
needed. Choose your answer from the words located inside the box below.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
gene flow
gene migration
survival of the fittest
new species
natural selection change over time
genetic
finches
mutation
naturalist
genetic makeup
variation
Charles Darwin
Galapagos Island genetic drift
population
beaks
different size
small size
interbreeding of migrating organisms
aiso known as
that caesult in
Apich cases
ange in the
Evolution
wheh means
esgelished by
wil resut to
was a
whe traveled to the
cutsin
population with
also kwn as
and otserved
which hapcens through
which is evdent in
with oiferant
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PART I. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION.
DIRECTIONS: Complete the paragraph about evidence of evolution by choosing the correct
word provided below.
biogeography
fossils
homologous
molecular
vestigial
The theory of evolution states that modern species have descended from ancestral
species through evolution and speciation. It is supported by a large body of evidence such as
found in geologic strata. These are remnants of ancient life
that provide evidence for the evolutionary change through now-extinct forms that led to
modern species. Modern species retain certain structures that arose from a common ancestor
structures. Other remnants of what was once useful to the ancestors are
or the findings of the
original distribution of related species across the Earth the connections between ancient
evidence, DNA sequences have also shed light on
the occurrence of
such as
structures. Furthermore, we can infer from the
landmasses. Finally, through
some of the mechanisms of evolution.
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Artificial Selection• Explain how artificial selection is like natural selection.• Why are quail useful subjects for an experiment on selection? What other organisms share similar characteristics?
Please be detailed as possible
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For Chapters 4-6:
CHAPTER IV.
Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest.
Natural Selection—its power compared with man's selection—its power on characters of trifling importance—its power at all ages and on both sexes—Sexual Selection—On the generality of intercrosses between individuals of the same species—Circumstances favourable and unfavourable to the results of Natural Selection, namely, intercrossing, isolation, number of individuals—Slow action—Extinction caused by Natural Selection—Divergence of character, related to the diversity of inhabitants of any small area, and to naturalisation—Action of Natural Selection, through Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the descendants from a common parent—Explains the grouping of all organic beings—Advance in organisation—Low forms preserved—Convergence of character—Indefinite multiplication of species
CHAPTER V.
Laws of Variation.
Effects of changed conditions—Use and disuse, combined with natural…
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Art Connections
Directions: With the knowledge you gained about the mechanism of evolution,
answer the following questions using illustrations/drawing. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Give an example of natural selection that happens in your locality.
2. Where do you think genetic drift will likely happen more quickly on an
island or the mainland?
3. How do pollinators contribute to the gene flow?
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Match the type of evidence to its description.
Column I
1. In DNA sequencing, the more closely
related two organisms are, the more
similar their DNA.
Column II
A. Paleontology (Fossil Records)
B. Genetics
C. Geography
D. Comparative Anatomy
E. Embryology
F. Adaptation
G. Variation
2. Different habitats favor different traits
and can establish separate populations
that have a common ancestor.
3. Different organisms share similar
structures that have very different
functions, or have remnants of structures
or organs that had a function in the past.
4. Fossil organisms found in bottom (older)
layers are more primitive than those in the
upper (newer) layers.
5. During the early stages of life, embryos
of very different organisms appear to be
very similar. As they continue to develop,
they become increasingly different.
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s/410033/variants/410033/take/6/
f Evolution Quiz
1 Points
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Question 7
On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin made many observations about the plants and animals.
Which of the following statements best supports the theory of evolution by natural
selection?
Each island had a unique species of tortoise adapted to the food available on that island.
The Galapagos Islands were formed by volcanic activity thousands of years ago.
There were so many iguanas in one area that Darwin had trouble pitching his tent.
Finches lived on each island of the Galapagos archipelago.
1 Points
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Question 8
After generations of living in the water, cetaceans developed streamlined bodies similar to
AW Changes Save
Answered
DE
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Name
To be Submitted on:
Time Frame:
EVOLUTION
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to describe general features of the
history of life on Earth, including generally accepted dates and sequence of the
geologic time scale and characteristics of major groups of organisms present
during these time periods; and explain the mechanisms that produce change in
populations from generation to generation (e.g., artificial selection, natural
selection, genetic drift, mutation, recombination)
TOPIC:
Learning Competencies:
Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. Life first appeared on Earth about 4 billion years ago. The first life
forms were microscopic, single-celled organisms. From these simple beginnings, evolution gradually produced
the vast diversity of life today.
In this lesson, you'll learn about the history of life from its origins until now. You'll learn that living things
had to cope with some astounding changes. Giant meteorites struck Earth's surface. Continents drifted and…
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54
in an ELI5 format to answer the question "How does evolution work?"
the following topics must be included in your explanation:
• Types of selection (directional, stabilizing, disruptive, sexual)
• Evolutionary change without selection (Genetic drift, gene flow,
genetic bottlenecks, founder effect)
● Human effects on evolution (1 example)
• Speciation isolation mechanisms (prezygotic, postzygotic)
Speciation (allopatric, sympatric)Patterns of evolution
(Adaptive radiation, divergent, convergent, coevolution)
. Gradualism and Punctuated equilibrium
Origin of life and macroevolution (Miller-Urey, Cladograms)
MAY
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Related Questions
- Learning Resources My Notes Visual Glossary Coding Assignments Scores Progress Monitoring Assessment from B.7CDE Natural Save a Question 1 Natural selection occurs because of all of the following EXCEPT - more organisms are produced than can survive. the resources that organisms need are limited. organisms in a population show variation. some populations are related to others. Previous Quesion Next Question -> © 2021 Accelerate Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms MacBook Air 吕0 F3 000 000 F1 F4 F6 F7arrow_forwardQ:need help with question We looked at how the beliefs of the Theory of Special Creation were challenged by Descent with Modification. Even before Lamarck and Darwin proposed that species do change over time, what belief of the Theory of Special Creation had already been challenged? Species do not change Lineages do not split Each species is separately created Each species is independently created Earth and life are youngarrow_forwardb. D be 4. Using the 6 main points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, describe how and why bears evolved 2. Why does it take a long time for the bear to evolve to have the new traits? r (Suc graph ph sho t ever h type the pr chan enes ACtions of chang n their new environment. (Include the words: overproduction, natural selection, competition, variation, adaptation, & speciation).arrow_forward
- 2020 Online Discussion B. Darwin's Theory Warm-Up Active Developing the Theory of Evolution WARM-UP What was Charles Darwin's contribution to the theory of evolution? O Charles Darwin was the first to express the belief that all living things are related. Charles Darwin believed that organisms had a goal to adapt and did so through the inheritance of acquired traits. Charles Darwin introduced the idea that organisms better adapted to their environment would tend to survive, reproduce, and increase in number. Charles Darwin developed the theory of population growth. DONE O Intro Activity DII 96 2, or goarrow_forwardWRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a short essay(100–150 words), discuss Darwin’s view of how natural selectionresulted in both unity and diversity of life on Earth. Includein your discussion some of his evidence. (For help in writinggood essays, see “Writing Tips and Rubric” in the Study Area ofMasteringBiology under “Additional Resources.”)arrow_forwardPart 2: Investigation: Comparing the Ideas of Darwin and Lamarck Pre-Lab questions 1. List two ideas proposed by Lamarck's theory of evolution. 2. List two ideas proposed by Darwin's theory of evolution.arrow_forward
- Quiz 10 pts Evolution Quiz 1 Points MULTIPLE CHOICE Question 2 Which of the following statements summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? A The strongest and fastest organisms of a species survive and reproduce. Organisms born with with beneficial adaptations pass these adaptations on to future generations. An organism changes its DNA to suit its environment, and then it passes those genes along to offspring. Animals teach their offspring how to survive their environment. Al Changes Sav eredarrow_forwardPOST QUIZ: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. 1. As recently as 200 years ago, many people believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old 2. Artificial selection occurs when nature selects for beneficial traits. 3. The individual Galápagos Islands are all similar to each other. 4. Malthus argued that human populations grow faster than their resources. 5. Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose that species evolve by natural selectio 6. Lyell was one of the first to say that Earth must be far older than most people believed. 7. Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics is has become a widely accepted scien heory. 8. Fossils proved to Darwin that species can evolve. 9. The term fitness to refer to an organism's ability to outrun its hunters. 10. Darwin published his findings soon after returning to England from the voyage of the Be 11. According to Darwin, natural selection is what occurs, and evolution is how it happens 12. During…arrow_forwardActivity 4. Evolutionary Though Timeline thought. Write only the concise key concepts involved in each box. Directions: Complete the table below to summarize the history of evolutionary What I Have Learned W Pre-1800s Evolutionary thought of: Carolus Linnaeus on nomenclature and classification 1800s-1900 Thomas Malthus on Human Population 1800s-1900 (continuation) Georges Cuvier on Extinction James Hutton and Charles Lyell on Uniformitarianism Jean-Baptiste Lamarck on evolution Charles Darwin on Natural Selectionarrow_forward
- This module aims to help learners understanu different pieces evidence of evolution and how to evidence to infer the evolutionary relationship between organisms. The teacher may connect the concepts underlying the patterns of descent with modification to the lesson today by pointing out that Darwin's theory of evolution is based from the inferences that he had made after his 5-year journey aboard HMS Beagles. Notes to the TeuU us What's New On the left are the structural palms organisms or species of of different primates. Tarsiers are one of the small species of primates commonly found at tropical islands like Bohol in the Visayas Islands of the Philippines. Gibbons are small apes commonly found in the forests of Southeast Asian countries, Chimpanzees are few of the considered "smart" animals and humans are believed to be the highest form of "thinking organisms" on Earth. One of the claims of the theory of Evolution is these organisms evolved from the same ancestor. By looking at the…arrow_forwarddiscuss 3 myths surrounding evolution and natural selection.arrow_forwardInstruction: Explain your answer. Scientific Thought: "In evolutionary relationships using the evidences of evolution, the more closely related the species are, the more similar their DNA sequences. Provide concrete evidence through illustration to prove your answer. You may use other ways to show your answer.arrow_forward
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