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Writing assignment #7
3) Do the assigned reading for this week, Chapter 10, “Pacific Crossings,” p. 232-261 in the textbook and answer the following questions below:
a. Describe the events and factors that contributed to people leaving Japan in the late 1800s/early 1900s.
Like the Irish, the Japanese were pushed here by external influences. During the 1880s farmers suffered severe economic hardships with the burden of taxation. Starving and unable to pay their taxes farmers were compelled by the stories abroad of high wages. Between 1885 and 1924, 2000,000 left for Hawaii and 180,000 for the U.S. mainland.
b. Describe how and why Japanese women emigrated.
Seeking to avoid the problems of prostitution, gambling, and drunkenness that reportedly plagued the male Chinese communities, the Japanese government promoted female emigration. Through the 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement allowed the Japanese government to permit women to emigrate as family members. c. Explain why and how planters (plantation owners) in Hawaii chose different and various groups of laborers.
Planters were conscious of the nationalities of their laborers and were systematically developing an ethnically diverse labor force. Planters said they explained that they preferred to divide the workforce. Plantation managers recommended, “Keep a variety of laborers, that is different nationalities, and thus prevent any concerted action in case of strikes, for there are few if any, cases of japs, Chinese, and Portuguese entering into a strike as a unit.”
d. Describe some of the experiences of laborers in Hawaii and some ways they resisted and negotiated for their lives.
Not only did they face harsh conditions, but unfair wages as well based on ethnicity. The Japanese organized themselves into “blood unions”. The most important manifestation was the Japanese strike of 1909 protesting against a different wage system based on ethnicity.
e. Describe why and how the Japanese settled and built a community in California in the early 1900s.
Japanese farmers were in the right place at the right time. They rapidly flourished and as early as the 1910s they produced 70 percent of California's strawberries. As a result, the first large settlement of Japanese in California was in San Francisco.
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