Altruism simulation activity_QUBES-4613

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California State University, Monterey Bay *

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210L

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Management

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May 2, 2024

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docx

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Altruism simulations: Learning objectives: 1. Understand how altruism would evolve under natural conditions 2. Relate altruism evolution to group-living dynamics Running the model- Navigate to: http://netlogoweb.org/launch#http://netlogoweb.org/assets/modelslib/ Sample%20Models/Biology/Evolution/Altruism.nlogo Be sure to reset to these population parameters before using sliders for each situation! 1. Click the “Set up” button. a. Which population (altruist or selfish individuals) do you expect to dominate? Why? b. Now run the model by pressing “go”. Which population dominates? Which population was driven to extinction? c. What do you notice about the distribution of the altruist and selfish populations when both are present? If needed, slow the model down to view. 2. The “ALTRUISTIC-PROBABILITY slider “--- lets you determine the initial proportion of altruists while the SELFISH-PROBABILITY slider --- determines the initial proportion of selfish agents. a. What happens if you increased the altruistic probability but kept the selfish probability the same? Move the slider, then click “set up”, then click “go” to run the model. b. What happens if you increased the selfish probability but kept the altruistic probability? Move the slider, then click “set up”, then click “go” to run the model. c. How do the respective population sizes affect the outcome? 3. Use the slider to adjust the cost and benefits of altruism. At what values does the altruistic population begin to have greater success? Are these situations realistic? Why or why not? 4. Increase the Harshness and Disease values, independently, and with respect to one another. What are the effects of the Harshness Model? of Disease? a. When harshness high, then- b. When harshness low, then- c. When disease high, then- d. When disease low, then-
5. By manipulating the harshness and disease values: a. At what values does the altruistic population begin to have greater success? b. What do you notice about the distribution of the altruist and selfish populations at these parameters? c. The harshness variable gives each empty unit of the screen a chance of staying empty. Therefore, the harshness variable limits population growth by making some of the spaces uninhabitable. What do you suspect is leading to this result of altruists having greater success than selfish populations? This material has been modified from: Centola, D., U.Wilensky, E. Mckenzie. 2000. A Hands-on Modeling Approach to Evolution: Learning about the Evolution of Cooperation and Altruism Through Multi-Agent Modeling - The EACH Project. Proceedings of The Fourth Annual International Conference of the Learning Sciences https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/Each/Each.html Wilensky, U. (1998). NetLogo Altruism model. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Altruism. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Wilensky, U. (1999). NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. Answer key : 1. a. Selfish has higher fitness- expected to survive better. b. Selfish dominates; altruist go extinct c. Randomly distributed. No real pattern. 2. a. Initially increased altruist, then driven to extinction later b. Altruist driven to extinction quicker. c. Just effects rate of extinction. 3. Only if cost is really low or benefit really high. It is not realistic for really low cost, but could be realistic for high benefit. Let students come up with some ideas (when protected in some way… sibling care, disease, etc.) 4. - a. Harshness high- selfish wins b. Harshness low- selfish wins
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