Homework 3 Incidence and Prevalence Answer Key

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GCH 412 Homework 3 Incidence and Prevalence Answer Key Indicate whether the following examples reﬂect incidence or prevalence (you can highlight or bold the answers you choose). 1. Today, there are currently 47,856 cases of COVID-19 in the state of Virginia. Incidence Prevalence 2. On June 4, 2020, there were 14,767 new cases of COVID-19 reported in the United States. Incidence Prevalence 3. In 2018 (the year for which data is most readily available), approximately 1.1 million people in the U.S. are living with HIV. Incidence Prevalence 4. In 2018 (the year for which data is most readily available), individuals who identify as Black/African American accounted for 42% of new HIV diagnoses. Incidence Prevalence 5. About 7.1% of children aged 3-17 years (approximately 4.4 million) have currently diagnosed anxiety. Incidence Prevalence 6. An estimated 17.3 million adults in the United States had at least one major depressive episode during their lives. This number represented 7.1% of all U.S. adults. Incidence Prevalence

7. Down syndrome continues to be the most common chromosomal disorder in babies. Each year, about 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome, which is about 1 in every 700 babies born. Incidence Prevalence 8. Researchers estimated that in 2008, the most recent date for which data is available, about 1 out of every 1,200 people (children, teens, and adults) living in the United States had Down syndrome. This means that in 2008 about 250,700 children, teens, and adults were living with Down syndrome in the United States. Incidence Prevalence Silicosis is a chronic lung disease caused by breathing in tiny bits of silica dust. Silica is a major component of sand, rock, and mineral ores. Individua ls who work in occupations where they are exposed to silica dust, for example mining and construction, are at risk for developing silicosis. It generally takes 15 to 20 years for the disease to develop. Inhaled silica dust can cause ﬂuid build-up and scar tissue in the lungs, which can stiffen the lungs and make it very diﬃcult to breathe. Individua ls with silicosis are at increased risk for lung infections and tuberculosis. Silicosis cannot be cured and may ultimately lead to respiratory failure. The Dig Deep Mining Company’s Oﬃce of Occupational Health evaluated 1265 miners for silicosis. The miners were classified as two groups, those who had been at the company for 15 or more years, and those who had been at the company for less than 15 years. Of the 1265 miners, 425 had been at the company for 15 or more years. The remaining 840 had been at the mine for less than 15 years. All the miners were evaluated for silicosis using a chest x-ray. Overall, 112 cases of silicosis were identified, including 19 in the group that had worked at the Dig Deep Mine for less than 15 years.

All the individuals who were initially examined and did not have silicosis were examined again 5 years later. At this point in time, there were 106 cases of silicosis overall with 82 cases in the miners who had worked at the mine for 15 or more years. 1. Calculate the prevalence in each group and in the total sample at the beginning of the study 15 or more years Less than 15 years Total Cases Population 112-19 = 93 425 19 840 112 1265 Prevalence 93/425 = 0.2188 or 21.88% 19/840 = 0.0226 or 2.26% 112/1265 = 0.0885 or 8.85% 2. Calculate the incidence in each group and in the total sample over the course of 5 years. 15 or more years Less than 15 years Total Cases 82 106-82 = 24 106 Population 425-93 = 332 840-19 = 821 1265-112 = 1153

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