In the smoking cessation program, nurses play an active role to increase the health literacy of clients and encourage them to quit smoking by using the appropriate brief interventions. Brief interventions are customized pretreatment tool, which effectively improve the clients’ health literacy and increase their motivation to stop smoking (World Health Organisation, 2003, p. 4). To tailor the appropriate behavior modification interventions and increase the likelihood of quit quitting, Stages of Change model is widely used to identify the client’s stage of change process (Koyun & Eroğlu b, 2013, p. 131). To gain further understanding of how a nurse can improve health literacy and health outcomes of smokers by using Stage of Change Model, …show more content…
Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, p. 1-3). There are at least 60 chemicals found to cause numerous of cancers,including, but not limited to, lung, blood, Oropharynx and Esophagus (State Government of Victoria, 2014). A study, which followed 387 persons for 25 years to study the cumulative effect of smoking on the functional ability at age 75, found that in addition to significantly reduce the life expectancy, smoking increases the risk of disablements late in life of the smokers (Støvring, Avlund, Schultz-Larsen, & Schroll, 2004, p. 298-300). Tobacco use affects both smokers and non-smokers. Children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable (State Government of Victoria, 2014). Passive smoking causes many adverse effects on their health even they do not smoke. It increases the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neoplastic diseases in children, such as asthma, lung infections and heart diseases. For the pregnant women, it increases the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome, miscarriage and stillbirth (State Government of Victoria, 2014).
In Australia, tobacco is the largest single preventable cause of diseases and death (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2013). According to the National drug strategy household survey 2013, the prevalence of daily smoking in Australian population over 14
The smoking cessation was witnessed by the author throughout her placement. This was used on a daily basis in the community by district nurses, health visitors, but especially by the general practice nurses as being incorporated in each consultation in the form of advices, leaflets, smoking cessation programs including medication and follow-ups.
Smoking is recognised as the largest single preventable cause of death and disease in Australia. It is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, renal disease and eye disease. Tobacco contains the powerfully addictive stimulant nicotine, which can make smoking a regular and long-term habit that is not easy to quit (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Statistics show
Regardless of consumer belief, smoking dramatically increases the chances of contracting many diseases - such as heart disease or high blood pressure. Although not every user experiences these diseases, it is well known that smoking can decrease one’s life time dramatically. The information given states, “It’s virtually impossible to escape the effects of tobacco” (Jordan). This stated, Jordan expresses that essentially if you use tobacco, there is a fairly high chance that one will damage his/her body in some way. Furthermore, there are many more diseases that can be contracted and the ones stated are only the most common. Continuing, the author explains the affects of smoking, “Expose to specific elements of secondhand smoke causes blood clot more easily and damages arterial lining” (Jordan). As stated, certain components in tobacco increase the chances of high blood pressure and blood clots to form in the body. Concluding, respiratory problems in young children can occur through second hand smoking, these include asthma. Children that asthma effect increases from smoke, “Asthma turns out to be about twice as common in children exposed to high levels of second hand smoke” (Secondhand Smoke: Is it a Hazard). Not only does tobacco smoke increase other diseases, it also increases the severity of diseases already contracted as shown in the previous quote. To conclude, tobacco smoke
“Smoking rates have halved in Australians over the past 30 years, falling below 16%. Except for in Indigenous populations, smoking rates have remained at more than twice this level, with even higher rates reported in remote communities” (RACGP, 2013) The inequality that has been faced by Indigenous people is still at an unacceptable level, and has “been identified as a human rights concern by the United Nations” (Dick, 2007). Smoking is a major issue because, “it is the most preventable contributor to the gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples” (Ivers, 2011). “Smoking contributes to 17% of the life expectancy gap” (Australian Government: Department for Health and Welfare, 2011). The socio-economic disadvantage faced by Indigenous people leads to the addiction of tobacco, which can be caused by many factors including; their position on the social gradient, education, social exclusion, their employment status and their social support. There is a lack of developed personal skills on the health risks of tobacco, “some Aboriginals don’t identify smoking as a health issue” (Korff, 2014), due to the history of Aboriginal people around smoking. As well as first hand smoke, passive smoking also contributes to poor health, especially for children. Smoking is the major cause for heart disease, stroke, some cancers, lung diseases and a variety of other conditions (HealthInfoNet.ecu.edu.au, 2013). “If we could reduce tobacco consumption levels
Pharmacists are health care professionals that work in their communities to raise the quality of life for the patients they serve. Pharmacists have been working at Consumer Values Stores (CVS) since their first doors opened in 1963. The company has since largely expanded and has become the second largest retail-pharmacy chain in the United States with more than 8,000 store nationwide. CVS is a billion dollar company and has since changed its corporate name to CVS Health along with becoming a leader in corporate social responsibility. The chain is going to great lengths to improve public health all over the country by doing such things as ceasing the sale of cigarettes in its stores and starting a nation-wide smoking cessation program called “We’re Tobacco Free”. CVS has also partnered with MinuteClinic to operate inside some of its stores.
With smoking kiosks in place, these make the ideal place to advertise for smoking cessation programs. This approach would work hand in hand to benefit the smoker.
The available research on the safety and efficacy of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation is limited. Some consider the evidence contradictory, while others attribute negative outcomes to inappropriate study design. Some medical authorities recommend that e-cigarettes have a role in smoking cessation, and others disagree. Views of e-cigarettes' role range from on the one hand Public Health England, who recommend that stop-smoking practitioners should:- (1) advise people who want to quit to try e-cigarettes if they are not succeeding with conventional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and (2) advise people who cannot or do not want to quit to switch to e-cigarettes to reduce smoking-related disease to, on the other hand,
Many people start this habit because of peer pressure, family issues, anxiety and depression. Everyone knows that smoking causes cancer and it can shorten your life by 15 years or more. Smoking is a hard habit to break because tobacco contains nicotine which is a highly addictive stimulant. Teenagers smoke because they want to be cool. Many people who start smoking have a family member or close friend who smokes. Smoking leads to lung cancer, heart disease, strokes and wide variety of other diseases. Smokers experience more coughs and colds compared to non- smokers. Besides affecting oneself, it also has a negative impact on others around smokers which is known as second hand smoking. Also pregnant women who are exposed to cigarette smoke will have an increased risk of having a miscarriage or stillborn baby. There are over 4000 toxic substances in a cigarette. There are over 4000 toxic substances in a cigarette. They are arsenic, acetic acid, ammonia, butane, carbon monoxide and tar.
In the lifetime of most, cigarette smoking is common occurrence noticed as you go throughout your community. In the medical setting, hospital professions see the disabling effects caused by smoking. Being a change agent in your society is necessary for enhancing the well-being of others through each community. Healthy People 2020 creates a goal to “reduce illness, disability, and death related to tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure” (2017) Seeing the effects of smoking in the medical setting it motivates professionals to educate our patients’ on smoking cessation. For the topic of this research, our group was motivated by understanding how well our education paid off and whether we were able to find more control in smoking
Smoking has become a major public health issue, with more than 120,000 people dying each year from diseases caused by smoking, according to NHS England. Smoking contributes to many serious diseases, such as heart disease and lung cancer. Smoking can affect fertility in males and females, and damage the health of the unborn child when the mother smokes during pregnancy, and has also been shown to increase the risk of developing meningococcal disease. There is also a link between smoking and mental health problems and it is thought that people with mental health issues smoke more, which has an effect on their health.
For our smoking cessation community project, we will be using the Orem Self-Care Deficit Theory which was developed by Dorothea Orem to improve the quality of nursing in general. The goal is to guide and improve the practice of nursing which must be consistent with other validated theories, laws and principles. The theory of self-care is a practice of activities that an individual, like in our case the cigarette or tobacco smoker to initiate or perform in his or her own behalf to maintain a healthy well-being. This includes stopping smoking by using different available resources and a therapeutic self-care demand to be performed over a specific duration to meet the self-care
Smoking is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The exposure to tobacco smoking negatively impacts the health of an individual over time by increasing the risks of developing diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems (Ministry of Health, 2005). In particular, smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. With repeated exposure, inhalation of tobacco into the lungs causes a build up of tar, altering lung tissue (Cockerham, 2007; Marmot and Wilkinson, 2006). This direct use of tobacco accounts for the death of 5 million people around the world. In the United States, 444,000 deaths per year are attributed to smoking, were 13 years of life lost for a male smoker and 14.5 years lost for a female (Cockerham, 2007; WHO, 2012). In New Zealand, tobacco use is the main cause of preventable death, contributing to around 4600 deaths
Through education campaigns and research, more individuals are aware of the health consequences of tobacco use. This has influenced more smokers to quit; thus, increasing the need for smoking cessation programs. Therefore, providing quality services and support is essential for smokers to achieve a smoke-free lifestyle. However, this first requires an understanding of the management and budgeting requirements needed to operate a successful cessation program. This project will analyze how the administrative efforts behind a smoking cessation program affects its programming, accessibility, and continuation. The student will focus on analyzing how the allocation of funds, coordination of community events, promotion of services, and public education contribute to the participant’s success rates in becoming tobacco free.
5: The current leading cause of death for both males and females in Australia is coronary heart disease.
“I knew that smoking was bad… I didn’t think I would have a premature baby,” said Amanda. “I couldn’t hold her much in those first weeks. It’s time I’ll never get back. Smoking took that from me.” 2 This woman describes the hardship that she went through while pregnant and giving birth. Amanda, like many others, was addicted to smoking throughout her college career and early in her pregnancy. Her baby was born 2 months early and was forced to spend weeks in an incubator.2 This personal experience illustrates the emotional, mental and physical stresses that are associated with cigarette smoking. From a data standpoint, Amanda represents 1 out of the 36.5 million people over the age of 18 in the U.S. that are currently smoking.1 This anecdote helps to understand some of the issues associated with cigarette smoking from an individual perspective and why many are trapped in the deadly habit. This paper will begin by looking at the prevalence and demographics of adult cigarette smoking in the U.S to help understand the magnitude of the issue. It will then examine the problems and vulnerabilities associated with smoking by outlining public health issues and then suggest possible solutions that have worked in different settings. Finally, this paper will discuss the implementation of the intervention by deploying the three levels of the social ecological model.