What is ADHD
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and it is a condition of the brain, which results in a persistent pattern of behaviours that interferes with development or functioning in several environments (ADHD Institute, 2016). This disorder is a common chronic condition diagnosed in childhood, however it can continue on into adolescence and adulthood (Donnelly, 2016). This disorder is diagnosed more often in boys than in girls since boys display more overt or noticeable symptoms, like hyperactivity, and girls commonly exhibit more covert symptoms, such as inattention (Lerner & Johns, 2012).
Common characteristics and symptoms of this disorder include: inattention, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, deficits in academic
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Through a meta-analytical review conducted by Gaastra et al. (2016) the research showed that consequence-based and self-regulation intervention proved to be the most effective when dealing with off-task and disruptive symptoms of ADHD. A consequence-based intervention is one that uses reinforcement and punishment to change the frequency of future behaviour (e.g., praise, reprimands, privileges), and self-regulation interventions are those that aim to help the individual develop self-control and problem-solving skills to help monitor, evaluate, and or reinforce their own behaviours (e.g. self-instruction, self-monitoring and self-reinforcement). Classroom interventions have direct and indirect positive effects on overall classroom functioning as …show more content…
Class-wide peer tutoring (CWPT) program was developed to target academic performance. It involves two students working together on an academic activity, with one student providing instruction, assistance, and feedback to the other (DuPaul, Ervin, Hook, & McGoey, 1998). CWPT was effective in changing both classroom behaviour and academic performance (DuPaul et al., 1998). In addition, it was easy to implement with minimal training and both teachers and students found it to be an effective strategy. Frequently children with ADHD experience behavioural difficulty across multiple settings, so a communication program between home and school is very important. Daily report cards (DRCs) have been shown to be effective as a component of multi-method intervention (DuPaul, Weyandt, & Janusis, 2011). They contain a list of several behaviours, on which the student is being rated by the teacher. The student and their parents are able to review this feedback at home on daily
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder involving behavioral and cognitive aspects of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (Ciccarelli, S.). This disorder is most common mental disorder in children. ADHD gets diagnosed at a young age and continues in some cases into adulthood. Although in most cases children who are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, normally grow out of it by the time they become adults. It is estimated that 2.5 percent of adults and 5 percent children have ADHD (What Is ADHD). In numerous studies on ADHD in genders, boys are about three times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with ADHD (What Is ADHD). Symptoms of ADHD show different
When growing up, nothing is more frustrating then giving your best effort in your school work and continuously being unsuccessful. The effect it can have on a child is very damaging. Students may feel inadequate and non-intelligent in the classroom setting growing up, not to mention, being confused all at the same time about why school is such an ongoing battle for them. Why are these children trying so hard and never having any success? It is more and more common today; more than ever we see children having these problems inside and outside of classrooms all over the world. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can become very problematic in a child’s
Participants, ages 11-13, will be chosen through a process of selection by teachers, administrators, counselors, parents, and students themselves, who are interested in finding an alternative to traditional treatments for ADHD including medication, psychological treatment or a combination of the two. The total number of participants is expected to be between 75 to 100 of nearly 600 students who will be divided into four participating classrooms. Consequently, an
and conduct and learning disorders” (Jackson 2725). Testing for ADHD for a child is a long, difficult, and frustrating process. The caregivers go through a battery of questionnaires, insurance hurdles, and serious behavior battles. ADHD is becoming more recognized as a legitimate issue and testing of treatments have gone underway, but do vary from physician to physician. Research shows that “ There is a growing professional acknowledgment that ADHD is a neurophysiologically based self-control disorder, However, the diagnostic and treatment approaches are controversial and vary considerably across professionals” (Magyary 554). There is a plethora of information about ADHD, and the treatments available. Studies agree that it is a fast growing epidemic, that has received the most funding for research for psychiatric
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most distressing disorders amongst school-age children, yet it is probably one of the least well understood. It has received a lot of awareness mainly because of the large numbers of children receiving drug treatment for the disorder. Where children have behavioural problems and parents are finding it hard to manage, it is expected that they will turn to teachers for guidance and help. ADHD can drastically affect children's development at school, not only their work but also their social progress and the relationships that they have with teachers and their peers. If not identified early, long-term
This article covers the topic of outcomes as it relates to children with ADHD. They address five very important questions that relate to these students. They also discuss and share that research has come up with very few positive solutions that help academic outcomes with those diagnosed with ADHD. My research left me with more questions than answers as I found that there are very divisive opinions surrounding the topic of ADHD and its legitimacy.
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is also called ADD for short. ADHD is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and hyperactivity that interferes with the everyday life of a person. This developmental impairment of the brain’s self-management system includes problems with motivation, focusing on tasks and monitoring emotions to fit any given environment (Frank). According to the article, ADHD by the Numbers: Facts, Statistics, and You, 6.4 million children in America have this mental disease. Many doctors argue whether or not there has been an increase in the diseases or an increase in the diagnosis.
What is ADHD? ADHD is an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Any child can be sometimes inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive (www.library.iated.org). However, children with ADHD repeat these symptoms every day that have an impact at home and school. Children’s behaviors seem inappropriate for their age. These symptoms are present for at least six months at home, school, or with friends and affect a social or academic functioning. Also, these symptoms appear before the age of 12 and not associate with other mental disorder. ADHD is a medical condition which can be treated.
ADHD is a lifelong condition that affects both sexes of all ages. Millions of people go through the symptoms and get diagnosed every day. ADHD is considered the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorders. “ADHD affects an estimated three to five percent of children, which is approximately two million in the U.S. ” (Basile, Attention
Nowadays a lot of people to include children have Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). It is estimated that around two million children in the United Stated are struggling with the symptoms of ADHD, which are inattention or inattention combined with hyperactivity. No one really understands the challenges of raising a child with ADHD more than a parent of a child with ADHD itself. It can be frustrating, stressful, and overwhelming. People unfamiliar with ADHD tend to blame parents for their child’s behavior and they label our children as troublemakers or spoiled kids. Besides the embarrassing moments or what people might think, we put our children first and look for the best solution
The diagnosis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased significantly over recent years and along with the rise in diagnosis is the dramatic surge in prescription medication as treatment. ADHD is a behavior issue, not a disease. As an alternative to prescribing medication to alter a child’s behavior, parents, teachers, and doctors need to determine and find a resolution to the root cause of the negative behavior. Medication is not a cure for ADHD and does not solve the issues that create negative behavior – alternatives to drugs are available to make the necessary behavior modifications in children.
Normalization of skills such as learning and applying knowledge were not associated with stimulant medication (Loe and Feldman, 2007). Behavioral interventions for ADHD, including behavioral parent training, behavioral classroom interventions, positive reinforcement and response cost contingencies, are effective in reducing core ADHD symptoms according to Loe and Feldman’s 2007 study. Behavior management was found to be as effective as medication at reducing core symptoms (Loe and Feldman, 2007). Loe and Feldman’s (2007) study determined that more research is needed to determine which modifications would benefit more in the
Rosch, Fosco, Pelham, Waxmonsky, Bubnik, & Hawk (2015), described behavior modification therapy based on reinforcement and/or punishment as the leading psychosocial treatment for ADHD. In addition, behavior modification is also recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics 2011). Behavior therapy lacks the harsh physical and mental side effects of medication. Despite less side effects, behavior modification therapy can prove to be quite a challenge. There is no standard or baseline “effective dose” of behavior modification. Furthermore, it can vary significantly from child to child. Behavior modification referred to in most studies, includes some system of rating to determine if a child’s ADHD symptoms improve after therapy. Researchers utilize techniques such as daily report cards, reward-cost or points system, and feedback to analyze and monitor the child’s behavior. Different levels of intensity were implemented in some studies such as Fabiano, Pelham, Gnagy, MacLean, Coles, Chacko, Robb et al., (2007) High Behavior Modification (HBM) included a point system and daily report cards. Teachers, counselors, or other administrators provided feedback such as corrections on assignments and explanations when a rule was violated. Low Behavior Modification (LBM) provided less intervention, but included feedback without the loss or gain of points. Participants also received less praise and rewards. In the No Behavior Modification (NBM) study weeks the children were given directions, rule violation was corrected and noted, but explanations were not given. Pelham, Carlson, Sams, Vallano, & Al (1993) referenced other scholarly journals and findings arguing behavior modification improved academic performance in ADHD children best when a negative consequence accompanies poor behavior, rather than a reward for task
While it’s not a quick fix, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is shown to have greater long-term effects on children then medication. “Parents or teachers would be trained to reward a child with praise or small treats for paying attention and responding to requests, for example” (Shute). This helps teach children to calm down and listen rather than yelling at them all the time to pay attention. “Although CBT doesn't cure ADHD, it does make it easier for children to get along in a world that's often intolerant of typical ADHD behavior, explains Richard Gallagher, an associate professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at the New York University School of Medicine” (Shute).
Unfortunately, this is not the case for nearly one-third of all students, that have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyper Activity(ADHD). Children with this common medical diagnosis struggle not only in the school system but in almost every walk of life. Individuals that have ADHD have a difficult time with being attentive, are hyperactive and struggle with impulsivity. Far too often these children are mistaken for misbehaved or troubled kids, not only by people in their community, but by their peers, and family members as well. It has been scientifically proven that ADHD children have a different brain structure than children without the disorder, and do not have full control over the misbehavior’s that they exhibit. The disorder not only affects the individual, it also has an impact on their entire family, the educational system, and society in