Analyzing: Accounts of the Arab Conquest of Egypt, 642

Kamose knew it was time to fight. He wanted to become the next liberator of Egypt. Historians believe that Kamose and his army departed North into the Hyksos territory.

At the end of the Middle Kingdom, the Hyksos people invaded Egypt. The Hyksos most likely migrated from Western Asia in Syria-Palestine, but have no clear origin where they are from. The Egyptians called these people hikau-khausut which means "ruler of the foreign countries”. The Hyksos were technologically advanced and because of that they had a strong military. The Egyptians had been isolated from the growing and progressing world by the deserts which surround the country. Because of this isolation, the Egyptians were unprepared for any attack and had a weaker military force. Instead of protecting themself they relied on their natural borders to shelter them from invasion. When the Hyksos invaded Egypt, they left a lasting impact on Egypt’s lifestyle by introducing the Egyptians to different trade methods, diversifying their economy, and exposed exposing them to new military techniques.

In the Planet Egypt: Birth of the Empire, it provides an overview of King Narmer’s legacy and his ambition to unite the lower and upper kingdoms of Egypt as one. The debate present in the video is whether or not Narmer did it by force, or the people of the lower and upper kingdoms assimilated peacefully over generations to create one unified group.

Gillum, Gary P. "The Ancient Gods Speak: A Guide to Egyptian Religion." Library Journal 127, no. 9 (May 15, 2002): 82. https://login.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.net.ucf.edu/docview/196818432?accountid=10003.

This essay will discuss the conquering of Upper Egypt 200 year ruling and adaptation of the Hyksos over Egypt, during the second intermediate period. At the end of the twelfth dynasty after the reign of Sobekkare, there was a short time(period) where Egypt had no ruler because there was no heir to the throne. Unexpectedly from a region East to (of) Egypt, invaders of unknown ethnicity marched into Egypt with confidence.” They easily seized it without striking a blow”(Van Seters p.15). According to Manetho, they overpowered the rulers of the land, burned the cities, and tore many monuments down ruthlessly. They treated the civilians harshly, massacring many, and leading many others into slavery; eventually they took over the empire, making

Describe how Egypt and the Persian empires used the idea of God for political purposes.

“Divine of Body: The Remains of Egyptian Kings” was written by Robert Morkot, a lecturer in Archeology at the University of Exeter, and was published in Past and Present in 2010. In this article, Morkot argues that the Egyptian practice of mummification was not related to the western principle of relic-collection and that the remains of rulers weren't worshiped or put on display. Instead, the Egyptian obsession with the preservation of bodies was linked to their view of a complete body being essential as a place for the soul to reside after death. Current mummies are a controversial issue due to how, or if, they should be displayed to the public because the Egyptian Kings wouldn't have wanted to be put on display. The way in which they are

In 1452, the German Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press that changed hIstory. Before the printing press, books were hand copied. It was very expensive, time-consuming and someone could easily make an error. The printing press let books be produced easily, fast, and cheap. Some people thought that if Gutemberg wan’t there, then the Renaissance would not have had the same influence for today.the first few books tha he printed were of the bible. The Bible was later changed through time, and he used his version on documents used in the Rhine area of Germany in the 14th to 15th centuries.

When one thinks of Egypt, one immediately thinks of the Sphinx or the ancient pyramids sitting in the desert lands. What people don't realize is that Egypt's geography is quite diverse. There is more to Egypt than the monumental tourist attractions.There are many geographic features that have impacted the development of Egypt. Some features that have dramatically affected Egypt are its bodies of water, deserts and valleys.

Egypt has been fighting a war since the age of the bible. In a biblical sense the Egyptians has always been people of great resilience. The ten plagues could not hold this nation down. For almost 30 centuries—from its unification around 3100 B.C. to its conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.—ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilization in the Mediterranean world. From the great pyramids of the Old Kingdom through the military conquests of the New Kingdom, Egypt’s majesty has long entranced archaeologists and historians and created a vibrant field of study all its own: Egyptology. The main sources of information about ancient Egypt are the many monuments, objects and artifacts that have been recovered from archaeological sites, covered with hieroglyphs that have only recently been deciphered. The picture that emerges is of a culture with few equals in the beauty of its art, the accomplishment of its architecture or the richness of its religious traditions. ( Ancient Egypt. (n.d.).

Karissa Background Information- Info about the country and location prior to colonization Political Rule Timeline: 639-642 A.D Egypt conquered my Muslim Arab armies o Egypt becomes province of Islamic empire § Ruled by Caliphs or Muslim leaders § Caliphs rule Egypt until 1250 1250 Mamluks revolt and gained control of Egypt o Mamluks are slave soldiers from Mongolia, Turkey, Circassia § For 200 years different Mamluk groups compete for leadership § Create great art, literature and architecture 1517 Ottomans invade Egypt from Syria o Overthrow Mamluks § Making Egypt part of Ottoman Empire § Mamluks continue to fight Ottomans for power until mid-18th century 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte’s armies defeat Mamluks in the battle of the Pyramids

Colonialism is a cultural phenomenon that traces back hundreds of years and has affected nearly every region in the world. The effects of colonialism have significantly affected the countries of the Arab world and the Middle East. The 1800 's were known as the "colonial era", and most of the occupation in the Middle East took place during that era. While we are supposedly living in the days of "post colonialism”, there are still signs of colonization evident in the Arab world today. Throughout the readings of Fatima Mernissi and Ahdaf Soueif, the reader comes across the theme of colonization. The British colonization of Egypt is very similar to the French colonization of Morocco during the 19th century. Despite the negative connotations imperialism has in history, after reading the novels, in the long run colonization has given more opportunities to the lives of Egyptians and Moroccans, especially women, in the terms of individual freedom.

Her father was very difficult to accept her when he knew that she could sing and want to became a singer.

The “Autobiography of Harkhuf” is a primary source from the collection of readings, Ancient Egyptian Literature A Book of Readings, by Miriam Lichtheim. Essentially it is the obituary of an Old Kingdom official, Harkhuf, who lived during Egypt’s Sixth Dynasty (Lichtheim). The obituary was found carved onto the facade of a tomb in Aswan, with fifty-eight lines inscribed to describe the Harkhuf’s milestones. Harkhuf was an Elephantine native who was appointed governor of the Southern area of Upper Egypt. Appointed by King Merenre, he was in charge of overseeing caravans and trade relations, particularly between Egypt and Nubia. The passage vividly describes four expeditions that Harkhuf had made. The first was from Memphis to the Second Nile Cataract region. This lengthy journey took approximately seven months to complete. The following journey went smoothly, but the third journey consisted of obstacles. This was because, during this journey his route was restricted due to a war between the nation and a Libyan tribe. Harkhuf’s duty was to keep the trade route open and operating. Thus he utilized his knowledge and expertise to negotiate with the warring chief to let him complete his mission. Ultimately, Harkhuf succeeded and was able to return to Egypt, escorted by armed men for protection, with 300 donkeys, incense, ebony, ivory, animal skins, etc.. Harkhuf’s later endeavors pleased succeeding kings, such as Pepi

Syria is the longest settled city in the world and has been engaged in a bloody civil war that threatens not only Syria but also all of its neighboring countries.