Ap World Midterm Study Guide

In the Arabian peninsula, Islam had started. After Muhammad died, the Muslim community embarked on a series of military conquests that extended their control over much of Eurasia and north Africa. Muslim merchants also became a prominent figure in trade during this time. The Islamic empire extended to the Arabian Peninsula and many areas around it. These places were central in the Mediterranean sea, Indian Ocean, and silk road trade routes. The Muslim merchants became a very big part of trade because of their location at the center of many trade routes from Eurasia to Africa. They were also a prominent part of trade because the camel saddle started to be used frequently in 600 CE. Camels were more equipped to walk through the desert, and so the ability to control them made the Muslims a major part of silk road trade. In addition to this, the Muslim agricultural revolution occurred around 600 CE. This caused more crops like cotton to be cultivated and traded, causing a greater income and virtually more trade between Africa and Eurasia. In the Indian Ocean basin, the Gupta empire had declined and there was no centralized rule in India. However, there were still major trading cities and new technologies caused trade to increase. An example of the new technologies would be the dhows and junks that were used at around 800 CE.

In chapter 6 of Earth's in his people's we begin to see the similarities between the first civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt in which around roughly the same time The Fairly large Indus Valley Civilization Rose during the same time period as the first civilizations. Liking other civilizations the Indus Valley Civilization had huge cities, with the two most famous ones being Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in which archaeologist show that the cities were very organized with their Construction and standardization of styles and shapes of the things they built such as houses churches statues and many other things. The Indus Valley people had like other countries developed many sophisticated Technologies and works of art and unique buildings however,

As the classical period emerged, religion as well as other cultural influences had been some of the main aspects of much of how history was shaped during this time period. Many religions had sprung up during this time period such as Judaism, which was a monotheistic religion and had developed with the codification of the Hebrew scriptures. This religion reflected the cultures of different regions such as Mesopotamia. The Jewish states were conquered by the Babylonians, Assyrians, and the Romans during this time period as well. Another religion important to this time period is the Vedic religion Hinduism, which had originated in India. This religion was

Silk Roads - The Silk Roads were a network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce.

Buddhism, a group of beliefs and practices which make up a prominent religion founded by Siddhartha Guatama, plays an imperative role in the court system. While the court systems tend to rule through aristocracy, an important few citizens rule, in a manner where most people of power are hereditary elite or have been elected by those who rule based on the vital qualities certain people possess. One example of Buddhism playing a large role in the life of aristocracy

Scholars also made advances in trigonometry, astronomy and mapmaking, and artists used calligraphy to decorate buildings and objects of art as well as to reflect the glory Allah (Docs 5 and 6). In a photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, it shows the different features used from different cultures, such as the Byzantine Empire, as well as adding their own personal touches (Doc 7). All of these were preserved and used in Europe, and are even used in today’s curriculum. A lot of ideas have also been altered just a little bit, and expanded to create things that we use today. Everything that the Muslims passed on through many generations had a large impact on our modern world, and even the places around the Islamic Empire during that time period. A book mentioned before said “In the early 800s, Caliph-al-Ma’mun opened in Baghdad...the House of Wisdom. There, scholars of different cultures, and beliefs worked...translating texts from Greece, India, Persia, and elsewhere into Arabic.” The photograph of the Dome that was also talked about before shows what an impact the inventions made did for the Muslims. A trade route was created later on which says “Masters of the sea, even as of the land, the Arabs spread throughout the geographical area.” (Doc 9). Lastly, an excerpt described the benefits that the Europeans received from Muslim industries. “Finally our commercial vocabulary itself has preserved...proofs that there was a

Hinduism, Confucianism and Buddhism are three of the world’s most distinguished belief systems of the past and for some, still in the present. The guidelines they provided influenced the social, political and religious lives of people within the societies that followed them. Hinduism emerged when the Aryans arrived in ancient India and began to combine their ideas with those of the Dravidians, the native population. One major Hindu idea was the caste system, which influenced the social lives of its followers and provided the state with political stability. Confucianism first saw an emergence of numerous followers during the Warring States period, when many philosophers were developing ideas for how to return order to China in this era of chaos. It provided political stability to the state by promoting an ethical system with several virtues and the idea that education could allow for social mobility. Buddhism originated from classical India when many people started looking for a new belief system, as they began to reject the caste system imposed by Hinduism. Buddhism had a minimal political or social impact on its followers, but instead influenced their religious lives. There is no doubt that these three belief systems significantly impacted the lives of their followers, but the manner in which they did this varied for each. Socially, Hinduism had the greatest impact with their caste system. Politically, Confucianism had the greatest impact by promoting virtues and

Adam and Eve were blessed by God; they lived in a sin free garden with no sickness or pain. Satan is called a deceiver. He is the Evil One who deceived Eve. He

The Europeans were able to become direct participants in the Indian Ocean trade network because Alexandrian sailors learned to manipulate the trade winds. This gave them an advantage over the Arabs. Eventually, they were able to directly sail across India’s west coast, cutting out Arab and India. Soon enough Roman trade increased and they gain control of trade between the Red Sea and India under the rule of emperor Augustus. Islam began to spread. It was only a matter of time until culture, customs, religion, laws and language followed. Muslims traded with other Muslims and eventually major trading cities converted to Islam. Their towns nearby followed. Trade made the culture of Islam prosper and trade prospered because of Islam. It was easier

Around 550 B.C. Buddhism was founded by Guatama Buddha it was based on Four Noble Truths. In 1876 India became the “jewel in the crown” of the British Empire. They set up a system of education and a civil service but failed at changing traditional customs people didn’t agree with. Gandhi along with

Next, Buddhism also had an impact on the society it was born into. To start out defining what Buddhism is, this particular religion focuses more on humans including finding ways to overcome human suffering (Smith, 1994). Parts of this religion include the four noble truths, including that life can go awry and that suffering is born from that, that the reason why people suffer from life is because they have selfish desires, that those desires can be overcome, and, finally, that the Eight Fold Path is the way out of suffering (Smith, 1994). To define it, the Eight Fold Path are edicts on how to live a right life and it includes ideas such as having an occupation that does not go against Buddha’s ideas and also the idea of not speaking ill about others (Smith, 1994). To get into how this particular religion shaped society, it is important to first note that Buddhism ended up existing with Hinduism in India at a certain point in time. However, now although there are Buddhists around the world, they are generally not in India (Smith, 1994). This is because Hinduism ended up absorbing some parts Buddhist ethos into their own religious structure, and some of their practices as well. To be more specific, this included changes such as decreasing the importance of the traditional caste structure as well as adding in segments of

The spread of many things such as culture and religion made its way through various parts of the trade network. The Persians and the Arabs controlled trade at this time which helped spread their culture and religion in different parts of the world because their many trade ports that people were required to pass through. Both the Arabs and Persians were Muslim so they easily spread their Islamic belifes to people who were willing to listen. While this was going on indain merchants bright Brahmin priests and Arbic merchants bright scholars to spread knowlage and logic, and although it wasn't as promnate christans sent out missinaries as well. Merchants spread their cultures to the foreign lands they

Russia being one of the Great Powers had imperialistic strength, Roberts stated, “…conceded to be the Great Powers, exercising more weight than others and with resources able to assure that they would go on doing so.” (Roberts, 78) At a certain point Russia had the third largest territorial size, which gave it a great advantage over China. During a certain time China was acquiring more territory too, however their structure did not allow them to expand as

Russia was in control of one superior power, which the Russians back then called the Tsar.

Buddhism, which emerged in ancient India (The Kingdom of Magadha) has a substantial impact on Indian social, educational and political life. Although Buddhism could not be a primary religion due to the dominance of Hinduism, it still played a considerable role. Buddhism in India, was not confined to only “ritual, ethical or social practice”; it drove a new “world view” that involves different perspectives of the life (Wickramasinghe, 2009, p. 24). Buddhism provided a nascent morality framework bringing equality, justice, and prosperity to the society that was suffering from religious manipulation. People, who were exhausted from unjust system emerged from doctrines of Hinduism, willingly accepted Buddhism, which brought equality, education, and democracy to the Indian society.