Assignment 2: The Intellectual Standards Of Critical Thinking

4. Cross out "Some may disagree with me because." What remains is your purpose for writing.

1) When dealing with a stubborn audience, you need to appeal to their opinions before you appeal to your own

        As citizens, it is essential to be “Critical thinkers who seek to draw intelligent conclusions” (pg. 3) whether as jurists, voters, parents, students, teachers, workers, managers, attorney. It is important to be able to discern between opinion, propaganda, facts, truth, error, and purposeful deceit. We elect people to speak for us at many levels. We need to be able to comprehend what we are hearing and be willing to utilize all the skills of critical

To consider an individual a critical thinker, they must have the ability to show cognitive skills and dispositions. Those two skills are considered to be of equal importance and both are required for

2.4 Describe ways to ensure that own interactions with individuals respect their beliefs, culture, values and preferences

Readdress the concept and the experience with critical thought. That is, what is your response to the content, either positive or negative, and then defend your position. If multiple options/alternatives/positions are present and are being rejected you must also defend the reasons for rejecting an option.

If I am to develop my personal critical thinking ability, I must first make a conscious choice to understand the basic concept of a premise and then make critical reflection of this basic concept by expanding my thinking approach. To achieve this, I must ask radical questions that will enhance the scope of analysis and judgment. I must move from the region of subconscious thinking to one of conscious thinking because in so doing, I become aware that I am actually thinking. This awareness will allow me to think beyond rudimentary concepts through critical reasoning and critical reflection to decipher underlying issues that are concealed in the concept under investigation. By understanding the predictable

Fairness - Effective critical thinkers ensure that their thinking is justified. Throughout our reasoning, we should take breaks to reflect on our reasoning to make sure we are being fair and unbiased.

In the text, ‘Learning to Think Things Through’ written by Gerald M. Nosich, he emphasizes the importance of the comprehension of specific concepts that are necessary to achieve critical thinking. One of these concepts includes the seven standards, which he states are clearness, accuracy, relevance, sufficiency, depth, breadth, and precision. In the text he states “Two primary ingredients turn thinking into critical thinking. The first is that critical thinking is reflective thinking… the second is thinking that meet high standards of thinking” (Nosich, 133). Maddow aides the viewers in comprehension of the material by appropriately interpreting the purpose of the information and explaining the implications and consequences resulting from the issues.

Critical thinking is the process that allows us to develop, evaluate, and reinforce the strength of our own, as well as other people’s arguments. Critical thinking is an important concept in philosophy, as well as in every other subject, because it allows us to ask deeper questions, and thus, receive deeper answers. Without critical thinking,

Chapter 16 is about critical thinking and moral arguments. Critical thinking is a mode of thinking in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully analyzing, assessing, and reconstructing it. A moral argument is an argument with a conclusion that expresses a moral claim. Logic is rational thoughts and formats tool or ways of reasoning. Formal logic is the use of deductive reasoning and is a structured argument with a set of premises and one conclusion.

In order for someone to become a fair-minded critical thinker they must be able to function in different states of mind and they must possess intellectual integrity, intellectual autonomy, intellectual empathy, intellectual courage, intellectual confidence in reason, intellectual fair-mindedness, intellectual perseverance, intellectual sense of justice and intellectual humility (Paul & Elder,

The main concepts presented in the article are the varying definitions of each author on the concept of critical thinking. The information the author uses are definitions which are the opinions of varied authors and are similar in foundation in that to apply critical thinking one must be able to identify a problem, pose a question(s), provide valid supporting evidence, and come to a conclusion. Although the author’s definitions do not identify a problem, questions, evidence, or conclusions, the relationship Petress (2004) shows is that the reader must apply this process themselves as it is not always given. The information used does appear to be relevant, significant, and valid. The references the author listed does provide enough information for me to come to this conclusion. Since this work is a literature review and not a case study, numerical data are not necessary to determine validity of the information.

Critical thinking is based on several standards; such as, clarity, precision, accuracy, relevance, consistency, logical correctness, completeness, and fairness.

The process of critical thinking requires you to ask more questions of both others and of yourself before a decision or determination is made. In order to successfully evaluate data in a critical manner, you must have a system in place to assess information as it is presented. In any situation whether you are having a conversation, observing others, or material you have read, you must be ready to probe deeper and ask the right question at the right time.