COPD Research Papers

I will analyse the prevalence of the condition and what the potential causes may be. My interests have been directed to pre hospital care and community lead treatment packages, which are potentially available to the patient, as this is the acute environment, which I will have contact with in my employment as a paramedic. The initial reading was to understand COPD as a chronic condition, what is COPD? and its prevalence in the population. The (World health organisation, 2000), states that one in four deaths in the world are caused by COPD. In 2010 (Vos T Flaxman etal, 2012), says globally there were approximately 329 million, which is 4.8% of the population who are affected by this chronic condition, In the UK (NICE, 2010), have estimated that 3 million people suffer from COPD, with more yet to be diagnosed. This information about the amount of people living with this condition was surprising, as I little knowledge of its existence. During the early 1960’s (Timothy Q. Howes, 2005), says the term COPD had been designated as a single term unifying all the chronic respiratory diseases. Since then the term COPD, has been sub divided in to three umbrella areas, Bronchitis, Emphysema and Chronic asthma, which are separate conditions, which I have been previously aware of as their individual conditions. The 58 year old patient who we visited,

There are no cure for this disease. However, there are different treatment to prevent further deterioration of the lungs function in order to improve the quality of life of the patient by increasing capacity of their physical activity. One of the main severe complication a patient with COPD can develop is exacerbation. Increased breathlessness, increased sputum volume and purulent sputum are the signs and symptoms of exacerbation. Early detection of the signs of exacerbation can help keep the condition of the patient from worsening. The treatments of COPD mainly aims at controlling the symptoms of exacerbation such as taking inhalers. Patients who are over the age of 35 and ex-smokers with chronic cough and bronchitis are recommended to have spirometer (NICE, 2004). This is because it is possible to delay or prevent patients from developing severe case of COPD is identified before they lose their lungs functions. Oxygen therapy is another treatment for COPD as the patients with this condition has high

D.Z.is a 65-year-old man admitted to medical ward with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; emphysema). Past medical history (PMH) indicates hypertension (HTN), well managed with enalapril (Vasotec) past six years, diagnosis (Dx) of pneumonia yearly for the past three years. D.Z. appears cachectic with difficulty breathing at rest. Patient reports productive cough with thick yellow-green sputum. He seems anxious and irritable during subjective data collection. He states, he has been a 2-pack-a-day smoker for 38 years. He complains of (c/o) insomnia and

R.W. appears with progressive difficulty getting his breath while doing simple tasks, and also having difficulty doing any manual work, complains of a cough, fatigue, and weight loss, and has been treated for three respiratory infections a year for the past 3 years. On physical examination, CNP notice clubbing of his fingers, use accessory muscles for respiration, wheezing in the lungs, and hyperresonance on percussion of the lungs, and also pulmonary function studies show an FEV1 of 58%. These all symptoms and history represented here most strongly indicate the probability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a respiratory disease categorized by chronic airway inflammation, a decrease in lung function over time, and gradual damage in quality of life (Booker, 2014).

The study included 100 patients with COPD. All patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to its demographic and clinical parameters and treatment groups differ among themselves. Completed the study, all patients included in the study. The therapy in all patients with a clinically meaningful improvement of symptoms was observed.

COPD is the continued tightening of the airways, causing a blockage to the airflow to the lungs, which causes shortness of breath. It chiefly comprises of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Both are typically caused by smoking, or less frequently, by work-related exposure to dusts or

COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an “advanced” heart disease that makes it hard to breathe.” Advanced” means the disease get worse over the time. COPD affect the lungs, the air that you breathe goes down your windpipe into tubes in your lungs called bronchial tubes or airway. This airways and air sacs are elastic, when you breathe in; each air sac fills up with air like a small balloon and when you breathe out, the air sacs collapse and the air goes out. The air you breathe in is oxygen and the air you breathe out is carbon dioxide. In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following reasons:

In the vast majority of cases, lung damage leading to COPD is caused by long-term cigarette smoking. There are other factors that play into the development of COPD, such as a genetic susceptibility to the disease, because only about 25 percent of smokers develop COPD. In addition, about 1 percent of people with COPD get the disease from a genetic disorder that causes low levels of a protein. This protein is called alpha-1-antitrypsin. This protein is made in the liver and is secreted into the bloodstream to help protect your lungs.

All over the world, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very significant and prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is increasing with time (Hurd, 2000; Pauwels, 2000; Petty, 2000). Due to the factor of COPD being an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease, the epidemiology (Pauwels, Rabe, 2004) is about 60 to 85 % with mild or moderate COPD remaining undiagnosed (Miravitlles et al., 2009; Hvidsten et al., 2010).

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an often preventable lung disease; that can be treated but not cured. COPD is an overarching term that includes the progressive lung diseases emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD], 2017, pp. 6-7). According to the Centers for Disease Control [CDC] (2016), as of 2015 over 15 million Americans have COPD; and COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Women are more likely than men to have COPD. People over the age of 65 have the highest incidence

This case studies begins with 65-year-old woman with obstructive lung disease. Differences in presentation of the disease, thorough history taking, and assessment can help ensure correct diagnosis. Pulmonary function testing is the primary test is used to measure airflow obstruction and help in diagnosis of obstructive airway disease (Johns, Walters, & Walters, 2014). Obstructive lung disease is outlined as the ratio of forced expiratory

COPD is defined as difficulty breathing caused by irreversible damage to the lungs (Olendorf, 1999). The harm that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The management of COPD depends on the stage of the disease and often requires an interdisciplinary approach. One of the first treatment of these patients is smoking cessation. These patients can be prescribed inhaled beta-2 agonist bronchodilators, inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, xanthine, and oxygen. Also, these patients can be on diuretics, mucolytics, and expectorants. In the treatment modalities of COPD patients, this patient can have some diagnosis test done to monitor the

COPD is one of the most common respiratory diseases. It is characterized by airflow limitation that is progressive, not preventable, and not fully reversible. It is usually describes a mixture of

Some of the laboratory testing used to identify COPD are arterial blood gas and increased hematocrit levels. Arterial blood gas testing will reveals hypoxemia and hypercarbia due to the retention