Lab Report

This is an annotated bibliography of animal testing and research to see if it’s morally justified. There are many opinions on the results and the entire process that it takes to test or experiment a cosmetic product or a medicine on an animal. There are many alternatives and benefits to animal testing but is it really justified? Or could animals be in potential danger.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) has risks as it is a corrosive compound. Corrosive compounds, including HCl, can cause injuries such as burning and eating away skin and eyes. To prevent such injuries, do not come into physical contact with HCl. Wear safety glasses, safety gloves and lab clothing.

Supervisor Comments: This writer met with Cherron to address some concerns of what is patients on his caseload have reported and their request to be reassigned. Please note, there was a previous conversation with Cherron yesterday about patient #9100 and #2693 as Cherron reports of the two patient non-compliance with keeping appointments referring to counseling sessions. In addition, Cherron shared some concerns about patient #2693 ongoing use of illicit benzos/cocaine and the need to seek a higher level of care. This writer informed Cherron that patient #9100 admits to his non-compliance with his appointment; however, often finds it difficult to reschedule with Cherron due to Cherron lack of response of his request. In addition, the patient felt disrespected of Cherron refusal to meet with him on 3/13/2017.

Copper chloride solution which was the lightest shade of blue is dangerous towards lichen. In fact, a mix of copper and sulfate is used to kill lichen and moss. The methylene blue does not leave the lichen because the lichen is not trying to bond with the chemical. On the other hand, cobalt chloride solution, the darkest shade of blue, is toxic. Lichen is used as a toxicity indicator because it will bond with the toxic chemicals. The methylene blue leaks out of the lichen because the lichen is trying to bond with the Cobalt chloride solution.

In workshop 2, we have substances such as ferric chloride, fine etch crystals and photoresist developer. Whilst handling these substances we must wear protective goggles to avoid any splash or fumes getting in contact with the eyes causing redness, irritation and blurred vision. Gloves and protective clothing to avoid any spillage contacting the skin and causing irritation, burns or pain. We use vapour respirator to avoid any inhalation of any toxic fumes causing coughing or sore throat and wash our hands after handling to avoid indigestion causing abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, shock or collapse.

Before conducting the Activity Series Lab, participants must know how to protect themselves against the possible dangers that the hazardous materials from the lab can cause. Some of the things they must understand include proper safety precautions and how to protect against corrosive or poisonous materials. For instance, Copper (II) Chloride, one of the solutions used in the lab, can cause severe eye irritation. One way to protect against this is by wearing goggles, or other eye protection equipment. Another substance used in the lab is Silver Nitrate, a body tissue irritant. Participants must wash off the substance quickly if it comes into contact with their skin to prevent any serious damage. Not only is it vital to know how to be safe around the chemicals, but to fully understand the lab, participants must be able to recognize the clues to a chemical change.

Every day, there are scientist/ researchers conducting experiments, or studies, in order to try and prove facts about everyday life. In conducting these experiments, there are the normal, ethical experiments that have continuously gone to prove many different facts that most of us might have not even noticed about ourselves or one another, and then there are the few experiments that are deemed to be unethical and, although still have shown and proved to us different facts about ourselves, really can not be replicated once again because of the amount of controversy caused by them. The experiments and studies such as the Stanley Milgram Obedience experiment, the Stanford Prison and Guards experiment, the Bystander Effect, the David Reimer

There were various aspects in this investigation that had to be conducted carefully to maintain a safe environment. Prior to conduction the experiment, the students tested how far the foam would travel up to beaker to ensure that a sufficient sized beaker could be used to prevent any spillages. As the practical involved the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), students had to be cautious when using this substance. Even though the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was only 6% concentrated, extra care was taken to avoid contact with the skin as it may cause a slight burning sensation. Furthermore, the beakers were labelled to prevent any cross contamination, especially between the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water, as they were both colourless. For example, if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used instead of water to dilute the Catalase concentration, the

Wore clean, intact safety glasses to avoid any splashes of chemicals that may contact the eye, and recorded qualitative data of reactants, such as colour, odour, shape etc., of hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal ribbon prior to the experiment.

For external use only, if bag busts dispose of it immediately. Prolonged skin exposure to the chemicals can cause dry and red skin. If the chemicals do get onto skin wash the area with soap and water, then contact a physician. Do not inhale the chemicals, calcium chloride can create lesions in the mucous membranes that line the nose, throat, and lungs if inhaled regularly. If you begin coughing or have a sore throat, the IPCS recommends moving into a well-ventilated area and resting until your symptoms subside. If symptoms persist, see your doctor.

Marr et al. (1998) found out an exposure-response relationship between concentration and mortality for both cobalt and copper in their respective acute toxicity tests. However, they found out that fishes significantly died at a faster rate in copper exposure than cobalt exposure. They concluded that cobalt and copper is detrimental to the survival of rainbow trout. In the joint toxicity test, they found it difficult to assess the true nature of cobalt in the presence copper as their results varied from antagonistic, additive and synergistic; consequently making it difficult to estimate the effect

The main hazard of this investigation is the methylene blue as it poses the risk of skin irritation and staining. To minimise this risk is to avoid contact with skin. If contact does happen to occur, the affected area should be run under cold water for at least 10 minutes.

1. What are the physical principles being investigated in this lab? Our object in this experiment was to gain familiarity in working with vector quantities. We demonstrated the process of the addition of several vectors to form a resultant vector experimentally, graphically, and algebraically.

Even if the chemical is shown promising for helping the animals it does not automatically mean that it would be safe for humans.

But nowadays—contrast to that of “sinister” or “evil”, as the meanings in German suggested—Cobalt is actually widely used to benefit humanity, especially in medical treatment. Co-60 (Cobalt-60), to be more specific, is used to cure brain tumor by ways of radioactive treatment. That is, and in its simplest and short explanation, Cobalt-60, sends radioactive gamma rays that penetrate through tissues and organs. The rays then target the tumor, leaving other organs unscathed (Gamma