Today, Concrete is the most widely manufactured construction material world wide with the annual consumption approaching 20000 million tons, used in almost every building we construct as structural and non-structural product, including buildings, bridges, houses, institutions and infrastructure. With better importance placed on sustainability in recent years, structural engineers are faced with the test of gathering customary project standards in totaling to evolving measures that support sustainable production. Performance-based specifications for concrete can substantially help meet this new challenge.
The most common and Strict requirements are, minimum cement part or maximum water to cement proportion, among many common design necessities that can upturn the ecological outline of concrete.
It is hard to outline Ecological or green concrete. Lots of influences are there that can impact the way concrete is mass-produced, designed, made, cast-off and salvaged that eventually affect the environmental footprint of concrete and the infrastructures those are built with concrete. Concrete is an essential element used as footing and superstructure, irrespective of one is designing any small or large scale structures, these structures can have a significant impact on our environment during the course of their lifespan.
Structural engineers can manipulate the performance and environmentally friendly impact of constructions with effective design and stipulations regardless of
As the human body ages, it becomes more fragile. America’s infrastructure is nearly the same. With the everyday use of many large structures, such as bridges, buildings, and other large structures made of concrete and/or steel, many are beginning to wither away while the average American is unaware of these changes. In many projects around the world, there is a material that is being commonly used to strengthen structures known as Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The types of structures that this material can help to strengthen includes, but is not limited to, reinforced concrete columns, bridge girders, steel structures, and cable
Concrete has many effects on the environment. Concrete damages topsoil which is the most fertile layer of soil. Concrete also contributes to surface runoff, erosion, and pollution. Concrete is helpful for preventing floods by building dams. I think that using concrete is good because while it does create runoff while used in roads it won't when used in a monument. And even though it damages soil it will not matter because their are no farms in the city.
First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building
Codes of practice specify details in order to resist cracking in the concrete structure, for example the minimum area of reinforcement required in a section and also the limits to the maximum and minimum spacing of the bars. There are few rules that need to follow which is specified in the codes of practice is shown in Table 2.4
Abstract— Concrete is a composite construction material composed of aggregate, cement and water. There are
Now a days concrete is used most commonly as a building material because of its high strength, durability and low cost. Concrete is the only building material which gains strength in presence of water while other decayed. Due to property of concrete it is widely used in modern engineering construction.
Concrete is a important product that is used in the construction of building and infrastructures. A concrete has to have strength, durability and quality to make a strong and stable infrastructure. This study will tell us does ACC concrete mix is a very good product in the market. Does it pose a strong contender to its competitors in the current market and does the brand image of ACC ltd. plays any role in purchasing of its products.
Concrete is a important product that is used in the construction of building and infrastructures. A concrete has to have strength, durability and quality to make a strong and stable infrastructure. This study will tell us does ACC concrete mix is a very good product in the market. Does it pose a strong contender to its competitors in the current market and does the brand image of ACC ltd. plays any role in purchasing of its products.
Concrete: - It is one of the most widely used construction materials and has a long history of use. Cement is a very important material. Therefore it is necessary to know about it in some details. Generally, cement has been classified by different types depending upon its strength e.g. grade 43, grade 44 etc. Depending upon the requirement of strength of the structure the contractor decides as to which grade is to be used and where. It can be mixed by simple hand mixing method or for large quantities in a computer control batching plants. It is a solid hard mixture produced by adding Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregates and water in proper proportions.
Concrete is a important product that is used in the construction of building and infrastructures. A concrete has to have strength, durability and quality to make a strong and stable infrastructure. This study will tell us does ACC concrete mix is a very good product in the market. Does it pose a strong contender to its competitors in the current market and does the brand image of ACC ltd. plays any role in purchasing of its products.
The building codes are rapidly changing all over the world and with the advent of new engineering technologies the designers and architects have started realizing the potential of wood high rise construction. Many European countries have begun to taken steps to promote wood as a construction material. USDA is also
The aim of this experiment was to test the workability and compressive strength of three different batches of concrete, each containing different water to cement (W/C) ratios.
Structures and structural elements made of concrete must therefore also be able to withstand chemically attacking substances, which are constantly acting on them because this affects the concrete strength.
7) BabooRai, Khan Naushad, H., Abhishek l, TabinRashid,S and Duggal, S.K (2011): Influence of marble powder/ granites in concrete mix, International Journal of civil and structural Engineering, Vol 1, pp 827-834.
The project cover all the processes, issues, requirement and inputs and outputs of a cement manufacturing unit. A new cement plant having capacity of 5000 bags of Portland cement per days is installed. The location selected for the cement industry is the State Of Florida, USA. The mission of this project is to start a cement manufacturing industry to fulfil the increased demand of excellent quality cement in the modern age of industrialization. Vision of the project is to expand the business internationally. The main objective of the project was to discuss all the processes and issues involved in setting up a new cement manufacturing unit. It will comprise of all the requirements regarding manufacturing department, supply