Early Jewish Migration to Maryland

By the year 1000 B.C.E the Jews had founded Israel as their national state (“Jews”). They actively practiced a very distinctive religion, Judaism. Israel was conquered several times and eventually came under the rule of the Roman Empire (“Jews”). During this time, Jews were legal citizens of the Empire. However, the Jews and Christians diverged quickly; the Jews were marginalized for being different and strange. They rejected the belief that Jesus is the Messiah and other christian laws. Eventually the Jewish revolt in 135 C.E. drove the Jews out of Jerusalem (“Jews”). They then lived throughout the Roman Empire and the materializing medieval states. They lived in their own communities called ghettos because they were not allowed to own land

The story of the Local Charters, specially relating to Bishop Rudiger of Speyer, demonstrates Elukin’s theory of successful integration and relations between Christians and Jews in a local scaled setting. In 1084, a population of Jews departed from Maize because of a fire they feared to be blamed for, and were welcomed by the city of Speyer in Germany. Bishop Rudiger offered the Jews kindnesses such as safety, the right to practice their religion, the right to sell meat and good, and the right to have a legal status. The Jews not only were welcomed into the city, but helped the city thrive economically due to their rights to loan money with interest, rights that Christians do not have. The Jews spoke

Jews, but how does that differ from a small country town in Oklahoma where the

Throughout the history of America, there has always been a influx of Jews from Europe. Even though Emma Lazarus wrote her poem after the massive immigration of German Jews to America, her poem can be used to describe the Jewish Immigrants. Many German Jews arrived in New York " tired ... poor... [and] yearning to breathe free." While New York City was still a hub for German Jewish immigrants, some had also moved to Atlanta and more Western states. Several of the German Jewish families who immigrated to America will forever have their names etched into her history, through their central role as entrepreneurs in America's expanding clothing industry. They began from humble careers and worked their way up the proverbial food chain. Once

Regardless of the growing frequency of Jewish migrating to the United States, the community continues to confront the many issues as part of their assimilation. Through this process of assimilating,

Jewish immigrants have been treated very harshly, but somewhat “fair” in the 1800’s when Judaism became really popular. Jewish immigrants started migrating to different countries. Jews began migrating to America since 1820 all through today and still continuing, but in the 1600’s about 23 adult spanish-portuguese jews came to New Amsterdam where they had arrived. In 1655 more jews came from Holland. Nine years later, the British came and attempted to take over New York, but failed in the process of doing so . Although, making less than 1 percent of the population, they still made a pattern of Jewish life in America. They lived in the main port cities and had many leaders of the jewish religion who had impacted America positively. America then

Louisiana, Rhode Island and Virginia were three states that still restricted suffrage to white male property owners and taxpayers by 1840.

After the edicts were passed, life had become so distraught that, “one-third of the Jewish population immigrated to America.” These edicts drove people from Russia to various cities in the United States. Upon arriving in America, Eastern Europeans settled in various other cities and communities besides the “Lower East Side” in Manhattan New York. Other cities that they lived were places such as; Columbus, Cleveland, Seattle, Detroit, Cincinnati, Boston and Chicago. The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century played a major factor in the Jewish emigration from Europe. Pasachoff (2005) noted that this “meant new challenges to agricultural laborers and more intense competition for shopkeepers…” This new prominence of capitalism benefited those who were most competitive. Because of this, the Jews seemed to benefit from the changes brought on by industrialization. This only created an atmosphere where anti-Semitism could flourish. (The May Laws being a prime example for state policy affecting Jewish emigration from

In The Nineteenth Amendment of 1920 in Women's Suffrage Section 1: “The Right to Vote The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.” This amendment was passed fifty years after black released slaves were granted the right to vote, and since before the creation of America when white male property owners were allowed to vote.1

New Jersey was and continues to be a significant point of entry for immigrants from around the world, and these immigrants have played an important role in the development of its largest city, Newark. From its rural beginnings when first founded in 1666 by Puritans, to its urbanization by European settlers, immigrants have had an impact on the city. Immigrants worked on the railroads, and in the factories. They built houses of worship, and formed neighborhoods. Some immigrants came to Newark seeking religious freedom, and others came seeking employment. All came seeking a better live. Today’s immigrants come for the same reasons. Many find a better life by starting their own businesses.

The reason why they had moved to America in the first place was because of their religious differences. They wanted to live in peace and away from the segregation in Germany and Europe. All in all, they would have never lived in the same neighborhood, same street, if it wasn't for Judaism or religion in other words.

In the autobiography, “Out of the Shadow”, author Rose Cohen, a Russian-Jewish immigrant, explains the social and economic conditions during the late 1800s and early 1900s for Jews immigrating into the United States. Cohen explains how many Jews fled Eastern Europe and Russia during this time due to the ruling of the tsar, fear of religious persecution, and economic restrictions. Because these restrictions were becoming the norm for Jewish people in their county, Rose’s father, a tailor, began to embark on a journey to the United States of America, in hopes of beginning a new life for himself and his family. Even though her father is captured at the border of Russia and returned home, he managed to get to America. Once in

There was a sense of community rather than a religious longing and yearning to return to Palestine. Reform Jews were considered to be more of a social gain than a religious cult, some even saw the Reform movement as bringing Judaism ‘up to date’. It is difficult to determine the type of Judaism represented in Falsettoland as no explicit references are made, however, throughout the course of this paper, the use of features of both traditional Orthodox Judaism and Reform Judaism suggest that Falsettoland depicts a hybrid of the two. Judaism in America began growing in the 1830s when the Jews of Germany began to arrive on American soil. An important factor in the Jewish immigration is that these Jews were either Reform Jews or were secular Jews who had, for whatever reason, dropped Judaism altogether.

As King Solomon once said, “a righteous man falls down seven times and gets up.” This quote applies to the communal autonomy that the Jews followed in order to achieve social order and political status within foreign lands. Once the Jewish Diaspora began in 500 BCE, this is when the Jews officially became a communal minority group. It is also referred to as the dispersing of Jews from Israel to foreign lands where they created autonomy and social tolerance. During this time, the Jews were viewed as economic advisors who generated wealth for the non-Jewish leaders (Glick,162). Therefore, non-Jewish leaders in foreign lands, such as Spain, adapted social order with the Jews. This enabled them to partake in financial affairs that strengthened their economic experience within foreign societies. Soon after, the Jews received political privileges and protections through the creation of the Pact of Umar (637 A.D.) and the Charter of Speyer (1084 A.D.). Shortly after, political privileges and protections were taken away from the Jews during the reign of several non-Jewish leaders, such as King Ferdinand (1492 A.D.) and King Louis IX (1226 A.D.). Throughout pre-modern Jewish history the Jews lacked religious tolerance, but their economic abilities motivated non-Jewish leaders to grant them political privileges. This allowed them to strengthen their autonomy and build upon their political sovereignty. However, religious motivation led non-Jewish leaders to deny them political

The expulsion of Jews during the Babylonian conquest and the destruction of the Second Temple turned the Jews into a diaspora nation because they were exiled from their holy land in Israel. Myers argues that when the Jews migrated to other countries under foreign rule the Jews developed mechanism of adaptation that allowed them to shift from each society where they absorbed the language, culture, and social