1. Introduction
The escalating liberalization of international trade that occurred during the decades following World War II under the impulse of various multilateral agreements and organizations has brought about a dramatic change in the geographic scope of logistics and freight transportation systems. While new trade ties have emerged with East Asia, long-time trading partners such as the United States and European nations have also intensified their trade relationships, to the point that the European Union is the largest trading partner of the United States and this trade represents 4% of U.S. gross domestic product (BEA, 2010).
The intensification of long-haul trade routes has reinforced the critical role of seaports, as gateways to
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We look at competition and positioning of these ports with respect to shippers and their geographic location on the European continent. We separately consider their linkages with U.S. ports of entry; finally, we also look at port traffic from the angle of the types of commodity handled. Each analysis produces a functional space of European forwarding ports from one of the three perspectives. All three perspectives are also brought together in a synthetic analysis of inter-port competition.
Commodity flow databases constitute a rich and multidimensional data source, but this information will not be useful unless some rules and patterns are extracted from data in the form of functional space, for instance. Exploratory spatial data analysis methods play an increasing role in analyzing huge databases. It helps to understand, summarize, and classify the huge unorganized data, and, more importantly, provides new hypotheses about data that can be subsequently applied in spatial modeling. Multivariate statistical methods such as factor analysis, principle component analysis, multidimensional scaling, and self-organizing maps deal with data reduction and have been used effectively comprehend functional space, either implicitly or explicitly. Berry (1966) applied factor analysis approaches to identify India's salient commodity flow patterns. R-mode analysis identifies clusters of destination locations with similar profiles of incoming flows,
For my opinion, International trade is important for many countries right now. Specially, Export is more than import that get the country become well in economy. Canada is the neighbor to America and have a big partner with the USA while Australia is depend on China which China is the largest developing economy, and is growing rapidly in the world trade. Also, Restrictive textile agreement that help U.S.A more export and still keep the job for people or it may reduce opportunities for trade? Because right now its technology and International trade now.
· What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus, and the impact that has on the U.S. businesses and consumers involved. When there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S. it means that the price of the product(s) will drop. U.S. companies that are competing with the Chinese made products will suffer from price drops of the goods. With consumers it will benefits the consumer with the lower price on goods. Large screen LCD/HDTV is a good example. Since the recession there has been a surplus of large screen HDTV. Not many people can afford or buy them since the prices were high. Now large screen LCD/HDTV is much cheaper than what it was 4 years ago.
International trade is the selling and buying of goods and services between different countries. The trading is done between individual people, businesses and government agencies. Up to 40% of Canada’s total production is made up of exports of merchandise and services (The Canadian Encyclopaedia 2017). Canada is known to be the 11th largest export economy in the world and according to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI), it is the 23rd most complex economy (OEC 2017). Canada has quite a large range of exports with 46% being made up of automobiles, machinery and equipment. The remaining 54% is made up of natural resource industries such as agriculture, energy, fishing, forestry and mining (The Canadian Encyclopaedia 2017). Trade agreements are
Being a part of the EU and its trade agreements has been highly beneficial for a small country like Denmark. The EU is a much more attractive market to do business with rather than just Denmark, which only has a population of 5 million. On the other hand, the EU is a 500 million consumer market (5). Additionally, it is the largest single market with transparent rules and regulations, secure legal investment and are also the most open market to developing countries in the world. Denmark’s most important trading partners are Germany, Sweden and Norway from the EU, all of which are part of the Single Market. Additionally, the United States and Denmark’s trade relationship has been long and mutually beneficial. Denmark largely shares U.S. views on the positive results of NATO (though this is a political and military agreement, it has helped relations overall). Denmark’s active and liberal stance within the EU, and membership of the WTO aligns with U.S. interests along with its role in European environmental and agricultural issues (1). Copenhagen’s port on the Baltic Sea has been important for U.S. private sector dealing with the Nordic/Baltic region. Danish exports to the US are most prominently industrial machinery, chemical products,
The World Trade Organization, in which the U.S. is an active member and which laws impact Puerto Rico directly, has actively worked towards liberalizing the maritime transportation service. Under the Uruguay Round, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) marked one of the landmarked achievements of the round . In the ongoing Doha Development Round, free trade service sector negotiations are in agenda but have not yet reached an agreement. As a result, it is important to take note of international efforts in trying to regulate international shipping because of its importance in international markets. However, since there is no global regimen governing shipping much of the activity is left to the discretion of the parties involved in trade. As a result, laws like the Jones Act continue to regulate shipping
From the word, Global trade is the import and export of goods and services between different countries, which also promotes product diversity for example; Pizza is from Italy and not Canada. As stated in businessdictionary.com, it is the worldwide business that involves making and collecting payments for transactions in goods and services, and transporting them to interested markets.
Department of Homeland Security, 2013). The Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism has multiple positive effects on the movement of cargo through ports. First, the partnership benefits Customs and Border Protection because it allows the agency to focus on higher risk cargo, while being confident that shipments that are part of the Customs-Trade Partnership against Terrorism are safe and secure. Second, the partnership benefits the companies involved in the agreement because it allows them ease of use through ports and allows them to be relatively free of inspections. Third, the partnership is beneficial for the economy because the expedited throughput of members reduces wait times and increases the amount of cargo being pushed through a port daily. This results in more goods being brought into the United States, which increases economic growth and prosperity. The global economy depends on a functioning port system that is free from disruptions or stoppages, and fosters a fluid throughput of cargo. In order for this to be possible, companies must commit to provide the necessary oversight and work together to build initiatives such as the Customs-Trade Partnership against
But national security is also a question of maintaining a nation 's way of life,
Among the trilogy of trade remedy regimes- countervailing duty, safeguard and antidumping actions- antidumping actions are by far the remedy of choice. It 's a measure internationally adopted to stop unfair competition, regulate international market order and protect the security of the national industries. It 's adopted by an increasing number of countries as it 's playing an increasingly important role in international trade. It 's perhaps the most controversial subject involving foreign trade. The United States is the world 's biggest user of antidumping and has been for decades. China, on the other hand, has been the number-one target of antidumping by most countries for the past
The NAFTA and the European Union comprising of 27 countries comprise the biggest blocs in the world. The two trade blocs are also highly interdependent through foreign direct investment. In 2007,
In addition, environmentalists worry that the industry is now following proprer safetyt precautions with the chemicals it uses.
Hong Kong Port, being the world busiest port for 12 years from 1992 to 2004, is globally well known and this container port industry became one of its vital economic pillars. Such a prosperous development began in 1970s with the boom of manufacturing business activities. The effect on the end of ‘close-door policy’ of China was reflected in early 1990s due to the launching and the rapid development of ports
Domestic Business: Is the one that acquires all of its resources and sells all of
International macroeconomics is the study of how nations cooperate through trade of goods and services, through movements of money and by investment based on the idea that resources are less transportable internationally than goods. During the semester, we learned that a primary motivation behind a nation’s participation in international trade is the belief that resources are not circulated equally among all trading nations. International trade is the foundation upon which American prosperity resides. Free trade policies have produced a level of competition in today 's open market that stimulates recurrent improvement leading to superior products, better-paying jobs, new markets, increased savings and investment, and an inordinate range of consumption choices. Free trade allows added products and services to make it to American buyers at reduced prices, thereby significantly raising the standard of living. The benefits of international trade are numerous as evident in the positive effects illustrated by the growth of the U.S. economy including job growth all of which offset its challenges involving fair labor standards and apprehensions about the environment.
Even though all businesses have the ability to earn profit, but those able to compete in a global market may earn better profits than those only focus in one country. I think that is why so many students choose to study international business. Because it many people are earning a lot money from it. International business mainly deals with business, trade and commerce on a global market. Because laws and cultures different from country to country, businesses have to prepare to deal with whatever issues may come up. With Internet communication, communicate between company are faster which cause global business competition became fiercer.