Investigating The Kinetic Parameters Of The Enzyme Alkaline Phosphatase

pH along with temperature and concentration is a limiting factor of enzyme activity. Enzymes, which are proteins, have a distinct pH range in which they work most effectively. Beyond or below this specific pH, enzyme activity begins to diminish and eventually the enzyme is rendered useless. The optimum pH of an enzyme is the pH at which it is most effective and causes the fastest rate of reaction(source). This decrease in enzyme activity beyond the optimum pH is attributed to the change in shape of the active site(explained earlier) of the enzyme. This change in shape can be brought upon when the surrounding pH moves away from the optimum pH, and it can prevent the enzyme from binding with the substrate.

The Enzyme Properties Lab was performed to analyze the effects of pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature on the catalytic rate of enzymes. Many functions within the human body require/involve enzymes. It was found that enzymes have an optimal pH level, catalytic rate increases as the concentration of the enzyme increases, and an optimal temperature. The enzyme that was used throughout the experiment was ALP (alkaline phosphatase enzyme). ALP functions best at a neutral pH level, as it had the largest calculated enzyme activity of 2.05E-03. When pH went above or below the neutral value the enzyme activity tended to fall. ALP’s calculated enzyme activity tended to increase with an increase in enzyme concentration, as the calculated enzyme activity of the high enzyme concentration environment was 0.004607, which was larger than the other conditions. The last part of the experiment involved temperature and it was found that the optimal temperature for the enzyme was 32°C with a calculated enzyme activity of 0.000353. When temperature was below or above the optimal temperature the calculated enzyme activity dropped. Enzymes can begin to change shape and lose function when conditions are not appropriate, which was seen in the enzyme activity of ALP in varying environments. It can be concluded that enzymes play a major role in many reactions, but if conditions (pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature) are not appropriate enzyme activity tends to drop. The results supported the

During the lab various factors were changed in order to compare how different environmental changes affected the rate of the reaction. A first test was conducted with liver and hydrogen peroxide without an induced temperature change scored a 5. Next, the catalase (liver) was heated to a high temperature and then hydrogen peroxide was added. The reaction was not as fast, and produced a score of 3. A similar test was done using another piece of liver but was placed in an ice bath and then hydrogen peroxide was added. This produced an even slower reaction rate of 2. These three tests demonstrate how temperature greatly influences the rate of enzyme action. When enzymes reach above boiling point, they are denatured and no longer function. Optimal temperatures for enzymes to function is 35-40 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is lower than optimal, slow reactions occur. Further experiments were conducted to show how pH levels affected enzyme action. Two mL of hydrogen peroxide was added to three test tubes. Then, HCl was added to test tube 1, NaOH was

The reactions within cells are catalyzed by a specific type of proteins known as enzymes. Enzymes catalyze the rate of a specific reaction by recuing the amount of energy needed to get the chemical reaction started or the activation of energy. The activity of these enzymes is dependent upon several different things including the shape of the molecule, and specifically the concentration of the enzyme and substrate (hydrogen peroxide). This laboratory exercise will be conducted under a controlled environment to determine the influence of pH on the enzyme catalase.

Factors include temperature, pH, inhibitors and activators-all of which will be tested and observed for in this lab. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed is affected by concentrations of both substrate and enzyme. Increasing the temperature on a reaction increases its molecular movement. The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases with temperatures but only up until the point of optimum temperature-the highest point before the eventual decline. Below the optimum temperature, the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that make the enzyme its given shape can no longer be supported by its flexibility.

Temperature has a negative and positive effect on enzymes. As the temperature increases from 0 to 40 degrees (See Fig 2) the movement of the enzyme and substrate quicken and will bind more often.But, as the temperature increase from 40 degrees the enzyme and substrate slow and cannot bind as quick and therefore at 63 degrees production stops.

The purpose of this report is to determine which catalyst effect the rate of enzyme activity within a experiment. Enzymes lower the energy of activation by binding with substrate in chemical reactions to allow the reaction to occur. energy activation is the reguired amount of energy required amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. This decreases the faster the enzyme reaction goes by the shape change on an active site. the conclusion is that the enviromental conditions such as pH, temperature help speed up the reaction rate but also the amount of substrate concentration and the abosrbance over time all affect the amount of enzyme activity.

The purpose of this laboratory experiment was twofold. First, it was a hands-on review of the scientific process itself, and how this actually plays out in a real laboratory setting. The second aspect of this exercise was to test knowledge gained on the role and structure of enzymes and to examine how temperature played a role in its functional capabilities.

Enzymes are proteins that functions as a catalyst in chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. The rate of enzyme activity can be effected by many factors, including pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. This experiment will be focusing on the first three factors. Enzymes are sensitive and can only work under optimum conditions in order to function properly. If conditions are not optimum, the rate of enzyme activity will decrease, or the enzyme could become

Objective The purpose of this experiment was to study the affect of temperature on the enzyme’s rate of activity. Introduction Enzymes control the majority of chemical reactions that take place in our cells. Proteins, composed of amino acids, join together to create enzymes. Amino acids are composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group. Amino acids join together in a dehydration reaction that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, forming a covalently linked peptide bond.

Enzymes are proteins produced by living organisms that act like biological catalyst; they increase the rate of reactions. Within the pH value, the enzyme performs the chemical reaction at it's highest rate. Enzyme's activity might get influenced by several factors such as pH, temperature, and others. The most favorable pH at which the enzyme is the most active is known as the optimum pH , the optimum pH is neutral (7). In the following experiment, we will find how low pH affects enzyme activity. In order to understand how low pH affects enzyme activity, we will measure the enzymatic reaction when lowering and raising the pH of a substrate. In the experiment, we will use the enzyme catalase(yeast), which is an enzyme that allows the cell to

Enzymes are a diverse category of proteins that are used in various biochemical systems to catalyze a particular reaction. They are vital in increasing the rate of reactions by up to 1017 which aids in the functioning of cells while having implications in medicine, biotechnology, and the food/pharmaceutical industries.1 The purpose of this experiment was to extract and purify an enzyme of interest known as acid phosphatase. The process of enzyme isolation is essential for using these proteins outside of a cell, unlocking their benefits for practical uses. However, the procedure involves various steps with inherent risk of denaturing the enzyme via common biochemical such as inhibitors and oxidizing/proteolytic agents, thus the effectiveness of the enzyme is analyzed by taking samples (aliquots) at each purification step (fraction).1

The pH of our duodenum fluctuates from acidic (pH 2) to alkaline (pH 7.5), (Woodtli & Werner, 1995). Enzymes such as Trypsin, work in our duodenum to speed up the chemical reactions which break down macromolecules and extract nutrients and energy from the food we eat. Since enzymes change activity depending on pH due to changes in their tertiary structure, we wanted to assess the effects of pH on the Trypsin enzymatic activity. To address our question, we conducted the reaction in which the substrate BAPA and TRIS buffer were mixed with Trypsin extract, and the rate of reaction was measured as product appearance (p-nitroanaline) over time using a spectrophotometer. We conducted 6 replicates for the reactions at pH 4, pH5, pH6, pH7,

PH levels affect enzyme activity. If pH level is lesser or greater than 6.8, hydrolysis of amylase will decrease; and as pH decreases, the starch hydrolyzed by amylase will increase––therefore hydrolysis of starch at pH 4 will occur faster than at pH 12. In Manabe’s et al. studies (2012), data from their research concluded that a higher external pH allows more regulated secretion of amylase. ¬¬¬Amylase is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion by converting (through hydrolysis) starch into simple sugars––such as glucose and maltose (Serrano & Paralta, 2015). According to the 2012 studies conducted by Arhakis et al., salivary amylase makes up most of the protein content in saliva. It is also indicated in the study that amylase prevents

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the type of cancer using prior knowledge of phosphatases activity in specific pHs and known inhibitors of those phosphatases. Phosphatases are involved in many cell processes within living organisms and have many important functions including phosphorylation and dephosphorylation (Lab Manuel). Phosphatases can be divided into acid phosphatases and alkaline phosphatases based on their activity in those conditions and this test can be used to deduce which type of phosphatases was in the sample. It was hypothesized that if the phosphatase is classified as either acid, alkaline, or both, then known inhibitors can be used to deduce the correct type of phosphatase in the sample. The sample in this