Essay about Lab Report

The body condition score was and 7/9 and the preservation of the carcass was excellent. There was no evidence of external parasites or signs of trauma, the nostrils were clean, the eyes were within normal limits, and there was no evidence of diarrhea. A fecal sample was obtained from the colon to assess the parasite load.

The testing of various proteins was performed by comparing the molecular weight of proteins using SDS PAGE. The molecular focus in the lab was the testing of proteins, which are macromolecules consisting of amino acid monomers linked through chemical bonds. These proteins have a hierarchy of structure that consists of folding that determines the direct function of each protein.. The molecular weight of these proteins were measured using SDS PAGE. SDS PAGE stands for sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SDS is an anion detergent that binds with the protein structures and causes them to separate due to the change in bonding charge. SDS and heat are how the proteins are denatured. The process of denaturing a protein is breaking

Molecular Sciences reveal the irreversible non-enzymatic degradation of lycopene with various oxidative metabolites. The blood plasma levels get affected by the accumulation of 3-keto-apo-B and 1515-apo lycopenoids among cleavage products.(64) Certain dietary factors consistently influence heart related diseases by the concentration of plasma levels with no specific components. The Hyper-reactivity of ROS and Nitric Oxide generation endogenously affect metabolic activities throughout the critical stages of DNA, lipids and proteins. The blood circulation containing Chylomicrons and other Apo-beta lipoproteins need a constant Sophisticate Replenishment System for internal absorption and enzymatic pathways on human cells and tissues.

Using the female, J774A.1 cells and the male RAW264.7cells, total RNA was extracted from treated macrophages. Using a Spectrophotometer, absorbances were measured at three readings: 230nm, 260nm, and 280nm. At 260 nm, the nucleic acid concentration, at 230nm, the organic molecules (contaminants), and at 280nm, we tested the protein concentration (Layne E, 1957).

Protein precipitation can be helpful in producing a clean sample and avoiding endogenous substances in plasma with the analytes and IS onto the column and MS system. Clean samples are essential for minimizing ion suppression and matrix effect in UPLC-MS/MS analysis. 2 organic solvents: methanol and acetonitrile were evaluated. Finally acetonitrile was found to be optimal, which can yield the highest recovery and produce a clean chromatogram for a blank plasma sample and for the analytes from plasma.

The antibody base method helps detect a specific protein in the sample being studied. IHC helps the researcher visualize the distribution and localization of certain cellular components in the cell. In the experiment, the tissue sections were thawed out for two hours and rehydrated in PBS for five minutes. Triton X-100 was then added to the PBS to help increase the permeability of the cell membrane. The day after, the tissue sections were washed with the PBS, and the sections were then incubated two hours with the secondary antibodies and the nucleic acid staining. The primary antibodies that were used are anti-connexin-43 mouse monoclonal, anti-α-smooth muscle actin mouse monoclonal, and an anti-α-actinin mouse monoclonal. The secondary antibodies that were used were Alexa-fluor antibodies (den Haan et al.,

HDL, on the other hand, has high proteins and low levels of cholesterol. Also, elevated levels of triglycerides can be a warning that you have elevated levels of bad cholesterol despite the fact that they offer a way where your body can store excess energy.

The following methods were taken from Carolina Biological Supply Company by Carolina Biological Supply Company (2012).

Cholesterol is usually misunderstood in the general population. Cholesterol is not dangerous in itself but rather the accumulation of lipoproteins is the concern. Dietary lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol esters cholesteryl esters and fat-soluble vitamins. These nutrients require special types of biochemical machinery to facilitate their assimilation and distribution within the body. The biochemical apparatus used includes bile salts, apolipoproteins, serum albumin, and vitamin binding proteins. Lipoproteins are large enough to be called particles. A particle can be defines as a piece of matter that when suspended in fluid or gas it scatters light or appears cloudy (Brody, 1995). Lipoproteins are assembled in the small

In this experiment, the erythrocyte membranes were dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which subsequently led the proteins to resultantly denature and separate from the lipids. The samples are then placed in the apparatus which carries out electrophoresis; the mixtures are subject to an electric field (the SDS places a greatly negative charge on the polypeptides, making their intrinsic charge irrelevant) and the lighter ones migrate faster than heavier ones. Subsequently, Coomassie blue is added so that the polypeptides can be observed on the polyacrylamide gel (blue lines will indicate the polypeptides). However, some components (the heavily glycosylated glycoproteins) of the experiment could not be stained through Coomassie blue or through other normally used protein staining techniques; luckily, they can still be made visible by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining

The report you are putting together is simpler than it seems. When you turn in the pre-lab, you are turning in the beginning of your report. The pre-lab gets turned in again with your final report. You will have updated the procedure used in the experiment along with any of the other sections. The pre-lab will serve as the front few pages of your final report. Please remember to turn these in!

A best fit line was drawn using these points. Then the distances were measured from the wells to the bands of the proteins from the fish samples. Using the best fit line drawn on the logarithmic graph paper, the band lengths of the fish proteins were translated to protein weights in kilodaltons. These weights were then used to create a matrix. This matrix was then entered into MacClade to make a phylogenetic tree. The branches of the tree were then moved around so that the most parsimonious tree could be created. The most parsimonious tree, in this case, was determined by the tree with the shortest length.

The technique used in this experiment was western blot to determine the protein levels in different cow’s stages; fetal calf serum, newborn calf serum and cow serum. Western blot is technique commonly used to identify proteins by its movement in the gel electrophoresis. Western blot is use to separate protein based on its molecular weight in gel electrophoresis. The proteins separated in the gel, then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane using an electron current (1). Finally the membrane is incubated with proteins that would stain with antibodies specific for the wanted protein. SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is used in this experiment to detect the presence of antibodies in different serum samples

1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University; Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shimoga- 577 204, India, 2Division of Biochemistry, 3 & 4Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Western Blotting can be used to detect the Myosin actin light chain in different species of fish and is used to distinguish from different species based on variation, commonality, or evolutionary divergence. First, proteins are extracted from the tissue and loaded into a gel matrix. The matrix will separate the proteins according to size using an electric current. Proteins that are separated after are blotted from the gel and onto a paper membrane. An antibody is then added to the membrane paper and causes a colored reaction. Following the reaction, the results