Lab report 1 Virtual Lab: Classifying Using Biotechnology Essay

The following tests according to the lab manual were performed: gram stain, fermentation tubes, methyl red, vogues proskauer, sulfur, indole, motility and growing it up on MacConkey agar. The gram stain was performed incorrectly the first time. This is because the decolorizer was not on the bacterium slide for long enough, giving a false outcome.

1. Fill in the table below with the results from the monosaccharide test experiment, and your conclusions based on those results.

This experiment was centered on metabolic and biochemical testing procedures. The rationale of performing these tests was to distinguish six different microbes from one another and to compare how their metabolic and biochemical processes differ from species to species to determine the unknown sample.

12. The first step of identification of an unknown bacterium is determining if the bacterium is gram negative or gram positive. (6 pts)

The next step of the project included preparing a Gram stain to discover the cell shape, arrangement, and if the bacteria is gram positive or

4. Describe the test used to detect the presence of each type of biologically important

2. Four unknown samples were included in the lab kit: flax seed meal, potato starch, egg whites, and dried milk. Using the results of the biochemical testing, determine which number corresponds to the correct unknown. (8 points)

that were not correct and correct them, giving the data from your experiment that supports the corrections.

Again, after ten seconds, the slide was rinsed with distilled water to wash off the decolorizer. The slide was placed back on the staining rack. Approximately ten drops of safranin were covered on the slide allowing resting for one minute. After one minute, the slide was rinsed one final time on the small sink followed by blotting the stained slide with Bibulous paper. The slide was placed between pages of Bibulous paper to help

7. Find two examples of convergent evolution among the Caminalcules. This means finding cases where two or more species have a similar characteristic that evolved independently in each lineage. The wings of bats, birds and bees is an example of convergence since the three groups did not inherit the characteristic from their common ancestor. Write your answers in complete sentences (e.g. “Species x and y both have ____ but their most recent common ancestor, z, did not”).

An unknown was given to our group from the professor. The unknown was in nutrient broth, the group received unknown number 3. And the task was to identify the unknown and try to make an educated guess, and identify the unknown #3.

In class, we were given the task of identifying an unknown bacterium broth culture. After receiving number 69, I went through several tests to figure out what bacterium I received. First, I created a slide from my broth by putting a small amount of the unknown broth on to a clean slide and letting it dry for ten minutes. After this, I stained the slide by applying four reagents in order; crystal violet, grams iodine, decolorizer and safranin. From the stained slide, I discovered that this bacterium was gram-negative, which would determine the next couple of tests I would do to identify my unknown bacterium. I began by streaking for confluent growth from my broth culture onto a TSA plate. From the TSA plate, I aseptically transferred a loop

A highly conserved gene will be used to identify a prokaryotic species isolated from the body. Fundamental lab techniques will be also explored and utilized, such as amplifying using PCR, cloning, and transforming the gene into a host cell. DNA electrophoresis and specific substrate plating will serve as analysis check points. The final product will be sequenced and compared to similar species to observe phylogenetic relationships.

Bacteria cells are classified according to their size, shape, the compounds they digest, and in some cases their gram stain. There is some bacterium, that the only differentiating factor is the size of the bacterium. In the case of these bacterium, it is important to be able to identify them to determine their possible effects in their environment. This is especially true in the medical world, with many conditions caused by an influx of infectious bacteria. An accurate identification of the bacteria is required to determine the proper course of treatment.

The original unknown culture was streaked for isolation on Columbia CNA agar and MacConkey agar using a quadrant streak, inverted, and placed in a 37° C incubator for 48 hours. CNA agar contains a mix of colistin and nalidixic acid, as well as sheep blood. If there is poor or no growth on CNA agar, then the organism was inhibited by colistin and nalidixic acid and is Gram-negative. However if there is good growth, the organism was not inhibited by colistin and nalidixic acid, and is Gram-positive. MacConkey agar contains bile salts and crystal violet. If there is poor growth or no growth, the organism was inhibited by crystal violet and/or bile, and is Gram-positive. If there is good growth, the organism was not inhibited by crystal violet or bile, and is Gram-negative.