Latin American Independence

Between the years 1881 and 1914, African territory was being invaded by Europeans during the New Imperialism period. Before Europe’s invasion, Africa consisted of various tribes and had no central government due to this during the mid nineteenth century. Europe attempted to colonize Africa using harsh military force and resulted in the European Scramble for Africa. The European Scramble for Africa caused African leaders to have different reactions such as some wanting to have no conflicts, but peace, surrendering to the Europeans due to fear, and also attempting to fight back against the Europeans.

     Latin American Independence was the drive for independence from Spain and France by the Latin American people. There were many contributing factors that ultimately led to the uprising of Latin American colonies. Europe's strong hold on the economic and political life of Latin America, was creating friction between the Latin Colonies and the European nations. Eventually, this would become enough for the Latin American people and the drive for independence from France and Spain would begin.

The Independence of Latin America was a process caused by years of injustices, discriminations, and abuse, from the Spanish Crown upon the inhabitants of Latin America. Since the beginning the Spanish Crown used the Americas as a way to gain riches and become greater in power internationally. Three of the distinct causes leading Latin America to seek independence from Spain, were that Spain was restricting Latin America from financial growth, (this included restrictions from the Spain on international trade, tax burden, and laws which only allowed the Americas to buy from Spain), The different social groups within Latin America, felt the pressure of the reforms being implicated on them

Throughout history, a common theme that can be seen is the stronger, acquisitive society preying on the weaker society for their own gain of land, people, materials, and more. The Atlantic Slave Trade had a profound effect on the way states were constructed and transformed in West Africa. Some societies became very powerful, militarized centralized societies, like Dahomey and Kongo, and others were decentralized societies, like Balanta and Igbo. Many scholars argue that the centralized societies targeted these decentralized societies and kidnapped people for the slave trade or for their own lineages, but this issue of strong and controlled preying on weak and dispersed is not as “black or white” as it may seem.

The concept of freedom and its relation to the concept of resistance for Africans and Afro-descendants in colonial Latin America is a bit challenging to define. The primary issue with defining such concepts is that they are inherently subjective to region. Latin American identities are diverse and as such, it is difficult to apply typical definitions of freedom and resistance. In looking at the historiography of freedom and resistance in Latin America, particularly the essays by Camilla Townsend and Stuart Schwartz, it becomes clear that in order to have some workable understanding of the aforementioned concepts, a hybridized definition of both freedom and resistance is needed. For the purposes of this paper, I will examine the two aforementioned author’s contributions to

If "revolutionary movement" is defined as a social movement dedicated to changing the power or the organizational structures by an independence movement, and if "most" is defined as greatest, "successful" as a desired outcome and "original rationale and/or purpose" is defined as an fundamental intentional reason, then between the countries of Brazil and Mexico, Brazil had the most successful revolutionary movement in terms of its original rationale and/or purpose because Brazil, unlike the Mexican independence movement, had a greater universal agreement about independence between every social class, Brazil was politically stable after independence and it was economically stable after independence.

In New Spain, the Bourbon monarchies in 1808-1810 encouraged some creoles leaders to strike for total independence under the cover of Ferdinand. On July 1808, Napoleon’s capture of Charles the VI and Ferdinand the VII, and capture of Spain reached Mexico causing intense debate between Mexican elites. Creoles and Peninsulars prepared to take power and ensure their group would have power over the other; New Spain, like other Spanish colonies, went through the crisis of the Bourbon monarchy from 1808- 1810. Yet, in Mexico what pushed for independence from Spain would be the elite’s race for power.

Between the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. Although the political leaders of European powers encouraged colonization of African empires to advance their nation’s global influence, others argued that it was only for the profiteering of the Capitalists who sought new

In the 19th and 20th centuries Europe was thriving and wealthy while most of their colonies in Africa were suffering under their rule. The Europeans all wanted a piece of Africa’s land with its plentiful resources and free labor. Around this time, Europe was going through the industrial revolution and because business was booming the European countries need more resources than they already had. The Africans had the land the Europeans wanted to use to continue having booming businesses, they also had African slaves and workers that they can use so they don’t have to pay for labor. In the 19th century leader of the Europeans countries want to discuss how they will divide Africa without the leaders of Africa knowing. The Europeans then started to invade Africa and take control over the citizens. As the Europeans got more powerful, the Africans become more miserable. Unable to match the guns Europe had, African countries began getting claimed, one by one with the exception of two. The Europeans ruled in a cruel way that left many Africans dead or suffering. Many countries tried and successfully broke away from Europeans after many years under colonization. The Europeans had a negative impact on the lives of many Africans in the 19th and 20th centuries, especially with racism and assimilation. People were taught to be a human they had to be like a European which led to many racist views on African people and culture and is why some nations like France used assimilation to make

Cultures from around the world have evolved to hold unique values and standards, but one common thread binds them all together- liberation. The theme of liberation or freedom manifests itself in works from all over the world, taking on different aspects to fit the time in which the story takes place. In Latin America, writers explore the concept of social realism, in which an artist depicts contemporary life realistically in order to make a political comment on society’s current situation. This stems from a long history of turmoil and unrest in the region, including corrupt leaders and poor living and working conditions for a majority of the population. Similarly, in Africa, the colonial takeover and exploitation of small villages led to

European Imperialism heavily impacted the African continent through culturally, economic, and political ideas. This era of history is heavily drenched in the aspect of ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one’s own culture is superior that of another. The Europeans colonized Africa believing that they could bring civilization, but they were often ignorant of Africa’s very complex societies. The European powers divided up the continent of Africa among themselves, without any consent from the people who actually lived there. The tribal stratification was changed to a caste system where racial, ethnic, and religious differences were of utmost importance, as delegated by European rule. The structure and business of the African economy was

Although Latin American nations achieved independence, they faced a tragic and frustrating century, that included political and economical instability. The first half of the century was full of decline and disappointment. The great liberators could not get control of the nations they freed. They couldn't do this because they were uneducated in this and could not make proper decisions for the nations. Progressive leaders were so infatuated with the idea of independence, they did not consider the risks and how they would economically support the newly independent nations. I would not want independence from a thriving dependent nation if I knew the potential problems that would occur

combine with social traits as though socio-economic status. So that a person is ranked not only according to physical phenotype, but also according to social standing.Race is often conceptualized as a system of categorization where the membership is limited to one category and is externally described by others who are not members of that category and without regards to the individuals own feeling of membership.Peninsular,Criollo,Indio,and Negro were the four main ranks of race.

The Americans felt that they were not being treated like any other Englishmen. The Americans felt that their rights should be equal to the same right the Englishmen had. The British did not care how they treated the Americans because, The Thirteen Colonies were created to help the British parliament. This made many the colonists very mad. The American colonists founded a republican government which is now known as America. Shortly after the Latin American Wars of Independence took place. The Latin American Wars of Independence created a number of independent countries in Latin America. The Latin American war occurred right after the American and French Revolutions, which had an intense effects on the Portuguese and French colonies in America.

The continent fell apart due to slavery that was conducted by the colonists, whom took over African tribes (Ayers). Many men left their families to work at mines and cut lumber; therefore, families lack a father figure in their household. Soon after, the tribes began to fall apart because Europeans spread hatred among them. These consequences do not stop and at Africa. The idea of separation than spread through nations. Americans began to occupy slavery, and many other nations looked down upon Africa and Africans. Furthermore, the African communities began separating and fighting each other. Therefore, the Colonialism in Africa did not really benefit anyone, instead it ruined many families, neighbors, and promoted slavery. These consequences are shown in the modern world, such as ISIS, they are created due to the weakened government in the Middle East. The United States, like the Europeans, colonized the Middle East in order to “rebuild the corrupted government” (Large). However, instead Americans created a bigger mess and ISIS began to deploy. On the other hand, Colonists caused Africans to die and fight each other. Hatred humans have among each other due to nationality and race results in brutal endings. Therefore, the consequences of hate results in more of a violent and bloodshed, which concludes that hatred destroys humanity. The consequences obtained by hate could be