Limewater Test Lab Report

Carefully fill a small test tube ½ full of bromothymol blue and mix it with the citric acid in the corner of the zip lock bag. Record your observations.

The purpose of the Cellular Respiration lab was to identify if cellular respiration is sped up due to exercise. To conduct the experiment each student filled a beaker with 15 ml of water and three drops of bromothymol blue. Next each student blew into the beaker through a straw until the water mix turns yellow. When carbon dioxide is added too bromothymol blue it changes to a yellow color. Each student times how long it takes for the water to turn yellow, records the data, and then reset the lab. Subsequently the student would exercise for a total of five minutes and then repeating the lab, again recording how long it takes for the water mix to turn yellow.

Cobalt chloride tests for the presence of water. This substance is one of the products of the reaction because when tested with the moisture that collected inside of the beaker after inverting the beaker over the lit flame of the candle, the cobalt chloride paper became a pink color indicating the presence of water in the moisture that evaporated from the candle. 4. What does limewater test for?

Breathing is known as ventilation; and the act of hyperventilation is over-breathing or taking more breaths in per minute than the normal rate. Hyperventilating is a demonstration of a person’s breathing control center, however it causes stress to a person’s body (Campbell et al, 2006). Blood picks up oxygen as it travels and when exercise is introduced the rate of respiration increases to introduce more blood to the oxygen, keeping up with a person’s lungs. The body still taking in breaths at a higher pace than normal, has a different effect on the respiratory rate and system than the act of hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is less controlled, which is the cause of damage due to rapid breathing that purges the blood of so much CO2 that the control center temporarily ceases to send signals to the rib muscles and diaphragm; breathing continues when the CO2 levels increase enough to switch the breathing center back on (Simon et al, 2006).

There are several pathways that can explain each experiment that was performed and why it happened. The first experiment was to test to see how exercise affects BP as well as HR. It is hypothesized that immediately after exercise both subjects will have an increase in their arterial pressure as well as their heart rate will increase. This is because when a person is exercising, their blood is pumping faster, which is causing the heart to beat faster and the pressure to rise. Subject #1 (well conditioned) baseline BP was 117/61 mmHg and had a HR of 66 bpm. Where as subject #2 (poor conditioned) baseline BP was 110/70 mmHg and HR had a HR of 80 bpm. Immediately after exercise both subjects BP and HR increased significantly. Subject #1’s BP went

For the purposes of this experiment, a non-athlete is being defined as someone who has not played competitive sports within the last year or exercise more than once a week, and an athlete is being considered as someone on one of Fresno Pacific University’s endurance sports teams. To try to eliminate as many variables as possible, the individuals have to be within the normal Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 18-26 to be eligible for the experiment. Their BMI values will be calculated using the BMI calculator on the NCBI PubMed website by inputting their correct height and weight. After determining eligibility, the test subjects will be asked to run one lap around the track (400 meters) at Fresno Pacific University on two separate days. Before the subjects exercise, their heart rate will be taken after they’ve sat quietly for two minutes to ensure the resting heart rate is obtained. This will be down by counting their pulse on their radial artery for thirty seconds and multiplying that number by two to acquire their heart beats per minute. They will then run at a mildly intense pace by their standards for one lap in order to elevate their heart rate. Upon their return back around the track, their heart rate will be immediately taken, and a stopwatch started in order to determine the total amount of time that it will take for the subject to reach their previous resting heart

Cellular respiration is a set of chemical transformations in the cell which convert energy gained from food into ATP and then release waste products. In this process, there are two steps, glycolysis, and the Krebs Cycle. . First, the cells goes through glycolysis. One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, four molecules of ATP and two NADH molecules as well as water and heat. Then, the pyruvate is sent to the mitochondria, where it is taken apart to produce an acetyl group which joins the enzyme CoA to form acetyl CoA.

Eukaryotic cells produce the chemical energy they need through the processes of either oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is the last step in the process of cellular respiration and accounts for nearly 90% of ATP production during cellular respiration. During stage one of cellular respiration 2 ATP molecules are broken down to provide the energy necessary to start glycolysis. Each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules and 4 ATPs are formed. A net gain of two ATPs is realized. In stage two the pyruvate molecules enter into the mitochondrion of the cell. The pyruvate molecules are oxidized into the compound acetyl CoA. In stage three, the acetyl CoA passes into citric acid cycle (Krebs

There are four main stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate processing, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis which occurs outside the mitochondria within the cytosol of the cell. Glucose, ADP, ATP, and NAD+ are all necessary input factors and must be present for glycolysis to

is consumed more than can be delivered by blood. In these conditions, pyruvate is converted to

3.) Cellular respiration starts to speed up inside muscle cells to produce more ATP, the body starts breaking down sugar, breathing in oxygen, and exhaling carbon dioxide at a faster rate while giving off more heat at the same time. C6H12O6 + 6O2 —– enzymes & coenzymes ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Release of Energy (≤38 ATP) + Heat (Kinartna).

The intensity of exercise regulates the homeostatic response on ventilation. Each person exercises differently and their bodies respond to exercise differently as well. Whether it is an athlete that trains everyday, the friend that exercises regularly or a patient that is diagnosed with cardiac failure that tries to exercise regularly, people approach exercise differently. Yet, the common theme of exercise is that the body consumes an increased amount of oxygen as a metabolic change in response to CO2 production. As numerous studies have shown, as the intensity of exercise increases, metabolic acidosis occurs where there is a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles that is called the anaerobic threshold. Studies that expound on aerobic and anaerobic

The hypothesis was supported, if the exercise is more intense, then there will be more cell respiration because during exercise, ATP is used up more rapidly; at a resting state ATP is produced at a steady rate but when the body uses more energy than what is being produced, the cell needs to respire at a quicker rate to provide energy to the body. In a resting state, the average heart rate was 74 beats per minute, the average breathing rate was 9.5 breaths per minute, and the average carbon dioxide production times was 34.085 seconds. After a period of running, the average heart rate was 124 beats per minute, the average breathing rate was 24 breaths per minute, and the average carbon dioxide production times was 6.0875 seconds. The data shows

The question that was investigated for this lab was, “What is the water quality of the U-High creek based on microinvertebrates found in the creek?” The purpose of this lab was to determine the water quality of the U-High creek. To determine water quality 3 samples were taken from the creek, a water, soil, and algae sample. These samples were taken by digging up soil, collecting the water, and gathering pieces of algae from the sides of rocks. Then the samples were analysed to find the number and types of microinvertebrates in the U-High creek. The initial prediction for this lab was that the U-High creek has a fair water quality.

The Krebs cycle happens in the matrix of the mitochondria and will only happen if there is oxygen present, hence why its Aerobic. This is a series of eight steps with the last step having oxaloacetate being the exact same as the first molecule. In the first step of the Krebs cycle, a two-carbon molecule is combined with a four-carbon molecule that forms a six-carbon citrate molecule which later helps releases the co-enzyme. In the second step, the molecule has its atoms rearranged through a process called isomerization which changes the shape of the entire structure. In step three, carbon dioxide is released while the reactant is oxidized, the entire point is to produce NADH. In step four, a second carbon molecule is released, the reactant