What is Logic?
Etymological Definition:
Zeno the Stoic first coined the word “logic.”
Logic came from the Greek term:
λογικε ( logike ) which means a “thought”
Etymologically, logic means a “treatise pertaining to thought.”
Aristotle considered Logic as the “organon” or the tool or instrument of the sciences.
Logic is the instrument for gaining knowledge or the tool for correct thinking.
Formal Definition:
Logic is the study of science and art of correct inferential reasoning. Logic deals with the laws, methods and principles of correct thinking. Thereby, logic distinguishes correct from incorrect reasoning.
It is a science because it is a systematized body of knowledge about the principles and laws of correct inferential reasoning.
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III. Classification of Terms
A. According to Significance or Meaning (Comprehension)
1. Univocal – A univocal term is a term that is used in an identical sense. It expresses only one meaning or sense when applied to several objects. A term maybe univocal if it falls under the following conditions:
a. A term has no other possible meanings other than itself.
e.g. Homo Sapiens, Homo Erectus, solar system, heliocentricism, Rector Magnificus, Supreme Pontiff, etc.
b. The term used is defined.
e.g.
Mercury is a planet in the solar system.
A notebook is a material used for writing made up of paper.
c. The terms used are taken to signify one meaning in two instances.
e.g.
The reverend father blesses the mother and the father of the child.
Water is heavier than air and the air outside is fresh.
2. Equivocal – An equivocal term is a term that expresses two or more different or unrelated meanings. Equivocal terms may be externally the same, (same spelling and/or pronunciation) but different in sense. They may be equivocal
1. Define science – Science is the development of concepts about the natural world , often by using the scientific method
Science is important to learn and study because it helps up to understand how things are created and function in the world. Events that happen in the natural world are explained based off of observation and experience.
vocabulary words we will discuss the definition of each of the words to make sure
| Words that mean the same or can be used in conjunction with the term.
6) Homophone (homonym)- Each of two or more words having the same pronunciation but different meanings, origins,
Science should not be seen as a collection of facts, concepts, and useful ideas about nature, or even the organized analysis of nature, although both are common definitions of science. Science is a means of examining nature. In other words, science is a method of discovering reliable knowledge about nature. There are other ways of learning knowledge about nature; nevertheless science is the only way that results in getting hold of of reliable knowledge. Dependable knowledge is material that has high viewpoint of accuracy because its certainty has been defendable by a reliable technique. Reliable data is called standard correct idea, to distinguish reliable facts from belief that is false and unjustified. Every person has beliefs, nonetheless not all facts is steadily true and acceptable. Science is a method
Vocabulary—For each of the terms, give the definition and the significance relative to world history of each.
In the two essays being discussed we learn that science has a vast range of definitions. Science is the effort to understand (or to understand better), the history of the natural world and how the natural world works with observable physical evidence as the base of understanding. Science is about how the hypothesis is developed and how well it is defended.
The term is not a lawful term and the definition is in this manner somewhat delicate; it might be best portrayed by method for instance.
There are some demarcations to science from pseudo-science and non-science (Hansson, 2008). Science aims to unravel the way the natural world is and explain how it is and why it works in a particular manner (Hobson, 2001 & Bunge, 1982). It answers few of these questions by demonstrating the cause and the effects of various actions by presenting in descriptive and explanatory claims (Parse, 1995). Scientists prove their findings by explaining
Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of
The term “Logic” hails from the ancient Greek word logike and is a discipline which utilizes and studies valid reasoning. It is heavily relied upon in a number of subjects such as mathematics, philosophy and computer science, its roots being traced to ancient civilizations including Greece, India, China and Persia.
It is human nature to question our reality in an attempt to better understand our surroundings. Science, for me, is the devotion to better understand the world we live in, rooted in the natural and inevitable questions that all humans ask themselves. I believe that by answering the most fundamental questions, the potential technological advancements are much greater than that generated by applied engineering. Nowadays we can thank Einstein 's theory of relativity for
The scope of Natural Sciences is to create principles, theories and laws about the natural world. Natural Sciences theories and laws are based on a scientific methodology (hypothetico-deductive method ). The scientific method always tries to connect theory and observation, this is one manner to consistently organize our observation of the natural world . Experiments are often used in order to replicate aspects of the world in which we are interested. In fact, following this method before stating something to be true scientists needs first to arrange an hypothesis then make some tests in order to prove the theory and finally make up the law. Doing that we can say to acquire a proof and, therefore, good knowledge.
The nature and process of science are a collection of things, ideas, and guidelines. “The purpose of science is to learn about and understand our universe more completely” (Science works in specific ways, 3). Science works with evidence from our world. If it doesn’t come from the natural world, it isn’t science. You need to be creative and have flexible thoughts and ideas if you want to be a scientist. Science always brings up new ideas and theories and if you aren’t flexible to those ideas you can’t be a scientist. Science has been in our world for a long time. It is deep into our history and our cultures. The principals of science; are all about understanding our world using the evidence we collect. If we can’t collect evidence on something we simply cannot understand it. If we don’t understanding something about our world, science says that we can learn about it by collecting evidence (Science has principals, 4). Science is a process; it takes time. You don’t immediately come to a conclusion for your hypothesis a few minutes