Luminol Synthesis Lab Report

Every 4th of July, many people go out at night and spend hours watching firework shows. Most of us are content to simply enjoy the pretty colors and sparks, without questioning the chemistry behind the spectacle, but have you ever really thought about how fireworks produce such vibrant colors? The colors emitted when a firework explodes come from an aerial shell inside the firework that contains explosive chemicals and metallic salts. These colors appear to us because of luminescence. Luminescence occurs as a result of the valence electrons in the metal salt atoms moving and changing positions. The explosion of fireworks is not a miracle; it’s simply chemistry at work.

Proteins are complex structures made up of chains of amino acids. Each protein has a different function such as enzymes to catalyze reactions or protein hormones to trigger certain functions of a cell. First let’s start with the most basic component of a protein: an amino acid. An amino acid is made up of a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group which varies

This is done through a change in temperature. Over time, two objects that are in direct contact will

I was hired to be a new chemistry teacher at the Forest Grove High School. When I got

Proteins are one of the four main macromolecules in biology. Protein are made of amino acids, where there are a total of 20 distinct ones with different polarity. Proteins has a start, an N- terminus, and an end, C- terminus. The N- terminus is compose of amines (NH2) and the C- terminus is compose of the carboxyl group (-COOH). The building blocks are linked via a peptide bond, also known as amide bond, via condensation reaction. This macromolecule (proteins) has many function and “are responsible for nearly every task of cellular life, including cell shape and inner organization, product manufacture and waste cleanup, and routine maintenance” (http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/protein-function-14123348).

Alternatively, the electron can decay slowly from the triplet exciton to the ground state with the release of a photon - this is called phosphorescence. If the molecule has been excited electronically these terms are referred to as electrofluorescence and electrophosphorescence. The lifetimes of fluorescence and phosphorescence are very different with fluorescence being a much faster process relative to phosphorescence. This is because of the allowed and forbidden nature of fluorescence and phosphorescence, respectively. In fluorescence the decay of an electron from the exciton to the ground state is 'allowed' by Pauli's exclusion principle which states that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. Hence the decay of an electron from a

The removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solution by Phanerochaete chrysosporium impregnated with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was experimentally investigated. Air floatation, an efficient solid liquid separation technique, was trialed out as a tertiary treatment technique for 4-chlorophenol removal, after biosorption with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. Consequences were so amazing that in addition to efficient solid liquid separation, percentage removal was maximized to permissible limits, got a concentrated overflow and highly clarified underflow. Influence of various working parameters like initial feed concentration, pH, biosorbent dose, equilibrium time, catalyst dose, liquid pool height, surfactant concentration

In 1895, two scientists named Wiedemann and Schmid, dissolved cathode-ray irriaded alkali halides such as NaCl, NaBr, KCl, and KBr, in water. They noticed a very weak bluish light. They also detected light production when irriaded calcium carbonate was “attacked” by aqueous hydrochloracetic acid, or phosphoric acid4.

Proteins are substantial biomolecules, or macromolecules, comprising of one or all the more long chains of amino corrosive buildups. Proteins perform an endless cluster of capacities inside of living life forms, including catalyzing metabolic responses, DNA replication, reacting to jolts, and transporting particles starting with one area then onto the next. Proteins vary from each other essentially in their arrangement of amino acids, which is managed by the nucleotide grouping of their qualities, and which typically brings about protein collapsing into a particular three-dimensional structure that decides its activity.A straight chain of amino corrosive buildups is known as a polypeptide. A protein contains no less than one long polypeptide.

Is there a correlation between the mass it takes to submerge 1cm^3 of a material and its density?

In the lab, we purposed to identify ions and separate them, so that we perform individual test to analysis their groups. We performed two trial in this experiment. In the first trial, we used the identification of cations. To do that, we followed careful procedure and used proper regnant for this type of ions.

In the figure above showed the mechanism of synthesizing methyl eugenol from eugenol. In order to successfully synthesize methyl eugenol, the eugenol went under an SN2 reaction where the potassium carbonate and the tetrabutylammonium bromide deprotonated the phenolic group of the eugenol. Once the phenolic group deprotonated, the conjugate base of eugenol attacks the dimethyl carbonate and that caused a substitution reaction with methyl carbonate, creating methyl eugenol. The mechanism regarding the synthesis of 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol and trans-coniferyl alcohol (sex pheromones) was made due to the breakdown of methyl eugenol (pheromone precursor) through bacteria dorsalis enzymes.

A chemical reaction is a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular structure of a substance. Once this happens, you will not be able to reverse the chemical change. To observe the factors that affect the reaction, an experiment was performed on CaCO3 to explore the many states of matter. Kinetic theory is the first topic to explore. Kinetic theory is the amount of energy each state has. For example, solids have little kinetic energy and gas has the most. The denser the substance is, the less kinetic energy it has. All matter is made up of atoms and molecules that are continuously in motion. When heat is added, the particles vibrate faster and take up a larger surface area however the mass of the substance stays the same no matter

In the experiment we used a control group of salt, the measurement we decided to use were .0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 percent as our different salt levels. Our materials for this experiment were plastic pipette, beakers, test tubes, salt, Tetrahymena, Indian ink, water solution, dilute lugols solution, plastic cover, and a slide. The purpose of the experiment was to see the rate the organism ate the Indian ink to create black food vacuoles in five minutes. First, we prepared the amount of salt we were going to put for each trial by mixing the prepared salt and regular water to make the correct percentage of mixture, then we gave the organism at least five minutes to eat the ink and then we added dilute lugols solution to the mixture to kill them.

Campbell and Farrell define proteins as polymers of amino acids that have been covalently joined through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (61). A short amino acid chain comprising of thirty amino acids forms a peptide, and a longer chain of amino acids forms a polypeptide or a protein. Each of the amino acids making up a protein, has a fundamental design that comprises of a central carbon or alpha carbon that is bonded to a hydrogen element, an amino grouping, a carboxyl grouping, and a unique side chain or the R-group (Campbell and Farrell 61).