Palm Beach Nourishment Research Paper

Over the last 30 years, sand has been needed to replenish the beaches at Brighton and Glenelg North in particular, and this has been taken mostly from Glenelg, the Torrens Outlet, Grange and Semaphore. Sand has also been dredged offshore from North Haven. In all, the average quantity of sand moved along the Adelaide coast has been over 100,000 cubic metres each year.

This report will discuss the beach of Glenelg on the coast of South Australia. Aspects that will be elaborated on are the history of Glenelg, the location, natural processes that affect Glenelg, human impact at Glenelg, stakeholders in Glenelg, summary of management strategies that have been employed in the past and an evaluation of strategies that could be considered for the future management for Glenelg.

Beach nourishment is used in both Cronulla and Collaroy but the sand is sourced from different areas. Sand is dredged from the Port Hacking River for Cronulla while Collaroy receives its sand from the Narrabeen Lagoon. Both are effective areas because the sand that is dredged prevents blockages in the river mouths and allows ships to pass through.

Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by

Sand nourishment refers to the replacement of sediment on beaches that has previously been lost, generally through natural processes. It is a commonly used practice in coastal management. Collaroy Beach uses sand nourishment as longshore drift has moved sand, which cannot be replenished as there are rock formations preventing sediment from refilling the beach. Collaroy Beach also does not have an established dune system, and cannot trap sand.

The Year 10 geography field trip was an insightful experience into the workings and functioning of metropolitan coastlines here in South Australia. The day consisted of visiting various beaches in Adelaide that were influenced by some form of hard or soft engineering techniques that changed the natural processes of the beaches. What was evident from this trip was how much these beaches have been changed to an extent where it is unlikely that they will ever go back to the way they were prior to human settlement.

sand being deposited upon it. The only reason why beaches shrink is due to erosion and this

Although it supports a number of different organisms, Nudgee Beach lacks many of the fundamentals that make up a healthy and successful ecosystem. The first indicator of this is from the lack of birds present in the area. Although it has been noted for terrestrial bird species – such as kingfishers, pelicans, ibis, egrets, jabiru, stilts and heron – and wading bird species – such as golden plovers, curlews, tattlers and godwits – to have been spotted at Nudgee Beach and surrounding areas in the past; after a day’s worth of extensive observation and research, it was found that the birds observed were limited to magpie, ibis, great knot and eastern curlew species. To intensify this factor, at the time by which this lack of species was recorded, Nudgee Beach was expected to have started seeing tens of thousands of birds arrive for the migratory season [21]. This blatant lack of bird species diversity and quantity may have been due to the lack of small organisms within the ecosystem. The restricted number of small organisms at Nudgee Beach is detrimental to the entire ecosystem as these organisms make up the bottom levels of the food web and provide higher-level organisms with adequate amounts of food to consume. The smaller organisms expected to be observed – including; crustacean, shell, mollusc, lizard, frog, fish, worm, arachnid and insect species – was limited to the infrequent observation of crustacean, shell,

* The efforts of “Wamberal -Terrigal Beach Protection Group” have been mostly successful. Although a small part of the front dune that was covered in spinifex grass has been lost, the erosion at Wamberal would have been significantly worse.

Erosion is unfortuanately present at Cronulla beach, the local government have tried to tackle this problem with solution such as dune stabilization and rip rap

There are many different types of coasts that exist throughout the United States. The south shore of Long Island has a unique types of coast known as a barrier beach. Barrier beaches are long narrow land forms that are composed of sand and other lose sediments. These sediments are brought together by the actions of waves, currents and storm surges. Barrier beaches are subject to constant changes by the same forces. Sand is constantly eroded in one area an deposited in another. Barrier coasts are important for a number of reasons; they protect the mainland of Long Island from the open ocean and flooding during storms, for recreational use and the unique ecosystems which exist on barrier

A Destin Native, Gary knows these waters better than most people in the area. At the age of 18 Gary co-captained the first offshore fishing charter boat out of Destin, The Lynwood. His love and appreciation of the ocean and all its inhabitants is what lead him to form his non-profit Artificial Reef Organization, which is known today as the Emerald Coast Reef Association. He was contracted by the state to locate artificial reefs that had been placed in the Gulf of Mexico. There was speculation that people were placing the reefs where they weren’t

It became clear that if nothing was done, the lighthouse would soon be engulfed by the ocean. Civilian Conservation Corps, under the leadership of the National Park Service, began looking for a solution to save the lighthouse. It was believed that pumping in sand dunes was an inexpensive and effective solution at the time. In the 1930s the Civilian Conservation Corps began building a sand dune barrier along Hatteras Island but today’s scientists reason that while the dunes helped with minor storms, they did not stop the rising sea level and beach erosion. Sheet pile groins were also installed to slow down the beach erosion. In 1966 over 300,000 cubic yards of sand was taken from the Pamlico Sound and placed in front of the lighthouse, but the

The coastline is also exposed to strong North/North-East winds, which co-enside with a rather generous fetch. Destructive waves are a result, which erode the beaches and attack the foot of the cliffs, removing masses of clay in suspension, resulting in strong marine erosion. The material eroded and transported elsewhere results in little material left to form beaches, which act as a barrier to protect the cliff line from tides, currents and storms, therefore the sea's processed are able to keep cutting back the cliff line.

The most well-known and most effective Coastal protection infrastructure at the Seaway is The Sand Bypassing Jetty. This Jetty stretches 500m long and is the first permanent Sand Bypassing Jetty in the world. The jetty pumps sand up through the Jet Pumps at the feet of the jetty, the sand is then delivered underneath the Seaway onto South Stradbroke Island inside the Moreton Bay Marine Park. The project first commenced in 1984 in order to stabilise the Nerang River Estuary which links the Pacific Ocean to the Southport Broadwater and was constructed in 1986. The Jetty stops longshore drift from pushing sand and sediments into the seaway and creating a shallow passage that is unsafe for boats.