Psych101 Research Paper

5. Referencing - Excellent utilization of the appropriate referencing format (double spaced and in APA or other approved DeVry-Keller format/style)

Correctly cite the article in APA format: name of journal, authors, title of article, location.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized as a psychological condition in which a person has persistent mental and emotional distress after experiencing a traumatic event. In the United States alone, there is an 8.7% projected lifetime risk for developing PTSD by the age of seventy-five years old. Furthermore, rates of PTSD are commonly higher amongst people whose occupation increases their risk of traumatic exposure. Examples of occupations that increase the risk of traumatic exposure include law enforcement, military personnel, and firefighters. But it is important to note that the highest rates of PTSD are found among survivors of rape and captivity (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

In Fords, Biomedical, and peer review study, she examined the Psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that are dominant among adults with severe mental illness. In the study, Ford recruited a sample of 38 women in an intensive community mental health services. These women were evaluated with psychometrically interview measures. They were then exposed to a multiplicity of psychological traumas, in which 95% responded, overall 44% met criteria for present diagnosis of PTSD. However, the remaining number met criteria for other Disorders of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DESNOS). Another 40% did not meet criteria for either PTSD or DESNOS Ford (2008). Nevertheless, it was found that African American women were less likely than White

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be defined as “ a complex disorder in which a person’s memory, emotional responses, intellectual process, and nervous system have been disrupted by one or more traumatic experiences”(Swan & Persis, 2016). It is trauma and stressor related, a disorder that depends on a factor outside a person. Types of events that can lead to the development of PTSD include physical assault, rape and sexual assault, military combat, torture, mass violence, natural disasters, transportation or workplace disasters, explosions and fires, life-threatening epidemics and radiation. Repeated traumas or being exposed to long duration of traumas may also cause symptoms of PTSD. There are biochemical, physiologic, sociocultural, together with occupational factors and personal variables involved in the development of PTSD (Swan & Persis, 2016). Health risks associated with PTSD include cardiovascular, digestive musculoskeletal and respiratory disorders. Also cancer, infectious diseases, suicide, homicide and drug overdose (Heavey, 2014).

•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

Although, a staggering 89.7% [11] of Americans are exposed to a significant traumatic event over the course of their lifetime, the majority of trauma-exposed individuals do not develop psychiatric disorders. Lifetime PTSD prevalence using the same event definition for DSM-5 was

In everyday life, it is inevitable that an individual will experience some form of stress. This stress may come in the form of daily hassles, inconveniences and major life events such as divorce or the loss of a loved one. When stress becomes traumatic, the individual is at a great risk of developing a stress disorder. According to the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), traumatic stress occurs when the individual is presented with a traumatic situation in which the person experiences or witnesses an event that incorporated threats of death or significant harm and the person’s reaction to the event consisted of profound terror, helplessness or revulsion. A traumatic event can be a large-scale event with multiple victims such as natural/human caused disasters, war, mass violence or explicit experience in the death of others. Examples of these large-scale events include 9/11, the Holocaust, Hurricane Katrina etc. Other classification of traumatic events involve unintended acts involving fewer people such as motor vehicle collisions or life threatening illnesses and acts of intended personal violence such as sexual/physical assault, torture or child abuse. These traumatic stressors cause a significant more amount of distress than the everyday stressors mentioned earlier as they cause the individual to challenge

In conclusion, about eighty percent of the women that had been diagnosed with PTSD have co morbid clinical disorders (35% had MDD, 13% pain disorder, 12% specific phobias, and finally 10% had Body Dysmorphic Disorder). Substance abuse was found to not be a frequent diagnosis. Women in the PTSD group score highly in depression symptom severity, LH, total, sexual and verbal violence. The population in the same group that had a lower education level had a high measurement in a male dominant background, abuse during childhood, abuse-related stress, total trauma-related stress, total number of life traumas, number of ER visits and amount of smoking.

Statistics. Next, on the topic of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder is statistics. Epidemiologists have questioned, “What causes Post-traumatic Stress Disorder? How common is it? Who gets it?” In a research article by Ronald C. Kessler et al. titled Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey was designed in response to answering these questions. The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), conducted between September 1990 and February 1992, comprised interviews of a representative national sample of 8,098 Americans aged 15 to 54 years. The study focuses on the estimated lifetime prevalence, the kinds of traumas most

1. Cite the article as it would appear on a reference page by following APA guidelines.

Even though trauma has changed little since ancient times, the treatment of individuals who experience traumatic events has. In counseling and other mental health fields, the understanding of trauma has grown rapidly within the past 30 years (Goodman, 2015). For example, in 1980, PTSD was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and it increased public and professional awareness of the psychological impact of traumatic events. Also, there was a tremendous increase of articles concerning PTSD since the second Gulf War and after

You need to provide a citation (APA format) to an article or a hyperlink to an Internet source.

In addition to spacing, APA style includes a special way of citing resource articles. See the APA manual for specifics regarding in-text citations. The APA manual also discusses the desired tone of writing, grammar, punctuation, formatting for numbers, and a variety of other important topics. Although the APA style rules are used in this template, the purpose of the template is only to demonstrate spacing and the general parts of the paper. The student will need to refer to the APA manual for other format directions. GCU has prepared an APA Style Guide available in the Student Writing Center for additional help in correctly formatting according to APA