Psychodynamic Psychology: The History Of Psychodynamic Psychology

Behaviourists focus on the influence of the environment, they chose not to be concerned with the internal mechanisms that occur inside the organism, they believe that your behaviour depends on what factors are present in the environment at any given time. Another big contributor to this approach is Ivan Pavlov who was made famous for conditioning in which he used dogs in an experiment.

Psychoanalytic theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Psychoanalytic theorists emphasize that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. They also stress that the experiences children have with their parents earlier on in life shape development. The psychoanalytic theory highlighted by Sigmund Freud who was born in 1856 and died in 1939. As he listened to and examine his parents he was influenced they were the result of experiences early in life. He thought that as children grow up, their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and eventually to the genitals. As a result, we go through five stages of psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. The oral stage is when the infant’s pleasure centers on the mouth, the anal stage is when

In 1905 Sigmund Freud theorized that childhood development happens in stages, which are called “Psychosexual Development Stages.” In 1950 Erik Erikson developed “Psychosocial Stages,” which are greatly influenced by Freud’s theories. Freud’s theory centers on psychosexual energy or the libido. Erickson’s theory centers on issues and tasks being met at specific ages. Even though we are sexual beings, our developmental stages do not focus entirely on sexual pleasures. Both theories do show that personality develops in stages. Although, Erickson’s theory is the better theory.

The psychodynamic approach to psychology is the study of human behaviour from the point of view of motivation and drives. The original beliefs of this approach were created by Sigmund Freud in the 1800s. Although it is now generally seen negatively in the common view, sometimes comically, it has provided the inspiration for a few of the current leading approaches to psychology.

According to behaviourism, behaviour can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental processes. As human beings we are driven to understand who we are and how the facets of our own personality make us unique individuals. Behaviourists believed that we are born with a handful of innate responses known as stimulus response and that all of our complex behaviours are through learning by interaction with the environment

Behaviourism, also known as the behaviouristic approach is based on several underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioural analysis. Behaviourists believe that psychology should be seen as a science and therefore theories must be proved using controlled experiments whilst observing behaviour. Behaviourism is mainly concerned with observable behaviour rather than internal processes such as emotions. The psychodynamic approach to psychology is in complete contrast to that of the behavioural approach. Psychodynamic theorists look for the causes of behaviour in a dynamic interplay of inner motivational forces that often conflict with one another.

Freud theorised that the major causes of behaviour have their origin in the unconsciousness, which therefore led him to deduce that all behaviour has a reason, which is called psychic determinism. Freud thought that these origins in the unconsciousness exist because of fixation during psychosexual stages during childhood. While theories such as defence mechanisms offer valid explanations for everyday behaviour, the unconscious is not a material thing that can be experimented with or tested upon, which makes the theory technically unfalsifiable. The psychodynamic approach was the first to highlight the importance of childhood experiences in determining adult personality. However, the approach and its assumptions (especially in Freud’s era) are

Psychodynamic is the exploration of unconscious influences of unconscious conflicts on behavior. This was popularized and founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud placed and emphasis on the unconscious as the repository of primitive and sexual aggressive and drives or instincts of the wishes, impulses, and the urges that arise from those drive or instincts (Kihlstrom, 2015). Psychodynamics has now evolved to place less importance on the sex and aggression and more importance

The psychodynamic approach has been developed from the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud was born on the 6th May 1856 and was an Austrian neurologist. He was also the founder of a therapy called psychoanalysis. This therapy helps people identify the causes of the psychological problems they have. It also gives advi ce on how to overcome and solve those problems.

Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory focuses on our mental issues and behavior. He said that the origin of these problems can stem from beyond our consciousness, that our subconscious mind may not be aware of. Freud believed that the psyche was composed of three parts, the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id represents our impetuous, feral desires that doesn’t focus on what’s acceptable or reasonable.

I believe that the Psychodynamic approach to psychology is the best method for discovering the basis of human behavior and personality traits. The Psychodynamic approach focuses on the unconscious mind and what drives thoughts and behavior based on the mind and personality. Sigmund Freud, The founding father of the Psychodynamic approach, theorized that early relationships with parents shape an individual’s personality. King, L. A. (2014). The science of psychology an appreciative view. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Pg 12.

According to Freud’s early childhood developmental theories it is clarify as a progression of 'psychosexual stages.' At "Three Essays on Sexuality" (1915), Freud tells that stages as oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Every period connect the fulfillment of a libidinal desire and be able to afterward play a role in adult personality and behavior.

“The early years of psychology were marked by the domination of a succession of different schools of thought” (“The 7 Major Perspectives”). These days, it is rare for a psychologist to stick to the findings to one particular perspective; usually, psychologists tend to adhere themselves to a specialty field of psychology. There are seven modern perspectives of psychology: the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, the cognitive perspective, the biological perspective, the cross-cultural perspective, the evolutionary perspective, and the humanistic perspective. “The psychodynamic perspective originated with the work of Sigmund Freud” (“The 7 Major Perspectives”). This perspective stresses the importance of a child’s development and human interactions. Part of this perspective is Freud’s idea of id, ego, and superego. Id drives a person’s instincts and impulses to obtain what it wants, no matter how irrational. Superego is the part of personality that takes into consideration the opinions and needs of other people; it is the moral part of the brain. Ego is the compromiser between id and superego. “Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors” (“The 7 Major Perspectives”). Behaviorism focuses on learned behaviors only; it is different from other perspectives, as it only studies behaviors that can be observed, not internal

Behavioral theoretical framework, better known as “behaviorism, is a theory of human development that studies observable behavior.” (Berger, 2014, p. 26) Johnson Watson argued that scientists need to only examine what they can physically observe, furthermore he stated that ‘if psychologists focus on behavior they will realize that anything can be learned,” (Berger, 2014, p. 26) as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotions. (McLeod, 2013)

Freud believed that an individual’s personality is formed through five psychosexual developmental stages. The oral stage which is formed in the first year of life is preoccupied with oral activities. The anal stage involves bowel function and control, and occurs during the second year of life. The phallic stage which occurs at approximately the third year to the fifth