Summary: Week 1 Discussion Pharmacology

*Rectal administration – Medicines administered into the body by this route are absorbed very quickly. Suppositories are available for this route of administration and are inserted high into the rectum.

* Origin of Drug: Dutch word droog meaning dry for dried herbs and plants that were the 1st medicine.

A drug is a substance that causes changes in how your body functions. When you swallow a pill, the pill dissolves in your digestive system and the drug is absorbed into your bloodstream. Many drugs are designed to

The route in which a medication is administered is the ‘path’ that the drug/substance/fluid/poison is taken into the body these include:-

The National Prescribing Centre recognize some fundamental differences in the absorption, distribution and excretion of medicines between adults and children. The differences are published in the National Prescribing Centre’s bulletin, produced by

An elderly patient is complaining of a bad cough at her yearly physical. She has recently been diagnosed with diabetes and regularly takes prescription pain medication for her arthritis.

enters the blood stream in just a matter of seconds of using this drug. When eating or drinking

B. Distribution-" refers to the movement of the drug through the blood stream to a specific site of action."( pg.1095 Pillitteri)

This lesson plan has been developed in correlation with NUR 104 - Introduction to Pharmacology and is scheduled for week 12 of the 15 week first semester course. The class will meet weekly on Wednesday from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. in Room B53. The content to be covered in this lesson will focus on Unit 7, commonly abused substances and their mechanism of action and effects, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and signs and symptoms of withdrawals. The nursing process of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation will also be addressed during this lesson. The curriculum has been developed to incorporate the philosophy and mission statements of Bevill State Community College, as well as professional standards set by the

The hypothesis was formed under the thought that the fastest dissolving pill would be the most effective because the sooner the ingredients and materials were realized, the sooner they would be able to attack and neutralize the pain, therefore getting the job done quicker or more efficiently. The hypothesis was not supported because, overall, the first two pills to dissolve were both children’s pain killers and were “junior strength”. Therefore, these medicines could not have been the most effective because the strength is significantly weakened to accommodate to young kids, and would not be as effective as normal strength medicines. In order to accurately determine the time taken for the pills to dissolve inside the body, it is very important to create a solution similar to stomach acid. Stomach acid was simulated by heating vinegar, which has the same ph level of stomach acid and shares other similarities in makeup and properties. The vinegar was heated to 36.7 degrees Celsius and constantly stirred to represent the temperature and motion of stomach acid. Eight different pills were timed to see how fast they dissolved. Each type of pill was tested three times in order to find an average for each medicine. The pills tested were Advil, Children’s Advil Grape Flavored, Ibuprofen, Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Tylenol, Tylenol Liquid Gels, Aleve, and Aleve Liquid Gels. The children's strength pills were the first two medicines to dissolve. Aleve was the slowest to dissolve and took almost two hours to dissolve. The liquid gel capsules were the second and third slowest pills to dissolve. In order, from fastest to slowest to dissolve, the medicines were Children's Ibuprofen Grape Flavored, Children’s Advil

breakdown of drugd within the body and the characteristic interactions of a drug in terms of its

Pharmacokinetics consists of three components, absorption, distribution, and clearance. Absorption, especially from the oral route is the least influenced by the aging process and slows down, but remains complete (Adams et al., 2011). As the number of drugs ingested increases, the risk that absorption is interrupted increases (Adams et al., 2011). Distribution is significantly impacted with age. Older people have more body fat and less water than younger people. As a result, a drug that is fat soluble will remain in older bodies

Ion trapping is the reason that patients benefit from taking oral salicylates. When ingested, the oral salicylates react with moisture to form salicylic acid and are then broken down by enzymes. The breakdown of salicylic acid into its ionized and unionized components plays an important role in the absorbance of the drug into the body. The highly acidic condition of the gastric secretions of the stomach cause the drug, which is also acidic, to favor it’s unionized and more neutral form. This unionized form is the only form in which the drug can cross the lipid membrane into the plasma of the blood to be absorbed. The neutral environment of the plasma is ideal for the acidic drug to easily diffuse across the membrane. Once it has entered

Pharmacodynamics is the study of how a drug reacts on a living organism. Pharmacodynamics with pharmacokinetics helps explain the relationship between the

Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology that seeks to understand drugs and how they affect the body. It involves the analysis of how drugs interact with the biological function of the body and how these drugs react with each other, their natures, and their properties. All drugs are considered chemicals and when ingested into the body an affect from the drug takes place. According to Doweiko (1999), “A drug is essentially a foreign chemical that is introduced into the individual’s body to bring about a specific desired response. There are many forms of drugs and how these drugs are administered in the body determines the kind of result that will take place. The Central Nervous System, (CNS) plays a major role in how these